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Science - Coggle Diagram

- - - - The mesosphere is a layer of the atmosphere above the one where airplanes fly. It's very high up and very cold. This is where shooting stars happen when meteors burn up. The air is thin and not as busy as the lower layers.
    - - The stratosphere is a layer of the atmosphere above the layer where weather happens. It is higher up in the sky. The stratosphere gets warmer as you go higher because of a special layer called the ozone layer. The ozone layer protects us from harmful rays from the Sun. Airplanes that fly at high altitudes are in the stratosphere. It is an important layer for our safety and has different conditions compared to the layer below it.
        
        The Ozone layer
        
        The ozone layer is a special part of the Earth's atmosphere that protects us from the Sun's harmful rays. It's like a shield made of a gas called ozone. This shield absorbs most of the dangerous ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which can cause sunburn and other health problems. It's important to take care of the ozone layer so that it can keep us safe.
    - - The thermosphere is a high-up layer of the atmosphere. It's very hot there, but you wouldn't feel it because there are very few air molecules. The thermosphere is where the Northern Lights and Southern Lights happen. Satellites also orbit around this layer.
    - - The troposphere is the lowest part of the atmosphere, where weather happens. It's the layer closest to the Earth's surface. It's like a blanket of air that surrounds us. In the troposphere, the temperature gets colder as you go higher. Most of the air we breathe and the clouds and storms are found in this layer. It's where airplanes fly, too.
    - - The exosphere is the outermost layer of the atmosphere, and it's like the border between our planet and outer space. There are only a few air molecules there, so it's almost empty. Gases can escape into space from this layer, and some satellites orbit around it.
- - - - Climate is the typical weather of a place over a long time. It's like the average weather patterns you expect in a certain area. Some places are usually hot and sunny, while others are colder and have more rain or snow.
    - - Evaporation is when water changes into a gas and goes up in the air. It happens when the Sun heats up water, and the water disappears as vapor. It's like water disappearing into thin air!
    - - Condensation is when water vapor in the air changes back into water. It happens when the air gets colder, and you can see it as tiny water droplets forming. It's like when you see water droplets on a cold glass.
    - - Precipitation is when water falls from the sky. It can be rain, snow, or other forms. Precipitation gives us water for drinking, helps plants grow, and fills up rivers and lakes.
    - - The oxygen/carbon cycle is how plants and animals exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with the environment. Plants take in carbon dioxide from the air and use sunlight to make food and release oxygen as a byproduct. Animals, including humans, breathe in oxygen and release carbon dioxide when they breathe out. This cycle keeps the balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the air.
    - - The water cycle is how water moves around the Earth. The Sun heats up water and it evaporates into the air as water vapor. The water vapor then cools down and turns back into liquid droplets, forming clouds. When the droplets get too heavy, they fall back to the ground as rain, snow, or other forms of precipitation. This water collects in rivers, lakes, and oceans and starts the cycle again. It's like a big recycling system for water on our planet.
- - - - A rock is a natural solid made up of different materials stuck together. It can be made of tiny pieces of other rocks, or it can be formed from melted rock that cools down and hardens. Rocks can have different colors, shapes, and sizes. They are found on the Earth's surface and make up the solid part of the ground we walk on.
        
        Sedimentary rocks
        
        Sedimentary rocks are made from tiny pieces of rocks, dirt, or shells that pile up and get squashed together. Over time, they harden and become solid rocks. Some sedimentary rocks are formed from dissolved minerals, while others come from the remains of plants and animals. These rocks are often found in layers and can have fossils or things like coal or oil in them.
        
        Metamorphic rocks
        
        Metamorphic rocks are rocks that have been changed by heat and pressure. They are formed deep underground and look different from the original rocks. They can have layers or a smooth look. Metamorphic rocks come in different colors and textures and are found in mountains. They show us how strong forces have shaped the Earth's surface.
        
        Igneous rocks
        
        Igneous rocks are formed from molten rock that cools and solidifies. They can be created deep underground or during volcanic eruptions. The cooling process determines the size of the crystals in the rock, with slow cooling producing larger crystals and rapid cooling resulting in smaller or no visible crystals. Igneous rocks can be found in volcanic areas and have various colors and textures.