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LEFT REALISM - Coggle Diagram
LEFT REALISM
LATE MODERNITY, EXCLSUSION AND CRIME
- Young argues were no living in a late modern society where instability, insecurity and exclusion make the problem of crime worse
- he compares todays society (since 1970s) with the period preceding it, arguing that since the 1950s/60s represented the 'golden age' of modernity capitalist society
- this was a period of stability, security and social inclusion
- there was a general consensus about right and Wrong
- since 1970s insecurity and exclusion have increased
- de-industrialisationand the loss of unskilled jobs' specially for young and ethnic minorities, while many jobs now are short term or low paid
- these changes have destabilised the family and community life
- as wellas new right government policies
- all of she have increased exclusion of those at the bottom
- meanwhile greater inequality between the rich and poor, and the spread of free market values encouraging individualism has increased the sense of relative deprivation
- Young also notes the growing contrast between cultural inclusion and economic exclusion as a source if relative deprivation
- the result of exclusion is that the amount and types of crime are changing in the late modern society
- firstly crime is found throughout social structure, not just at bottom
-its also nastier with increase in 'hate crimes'
- reactions to crime also changing- late modern society is more diverse so there is less public consensus in whats right or wrong
- the bounty between acceptable and unacceptable becomes lurred
- informal controls become less effective as families and communities disintegrate
- this males public more intolerant and leads to demand of harsher penalties
- late modernity = high crime society with low tolerance for crime
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TACKLING CRIME
- The final part of the left realists project is to devise solutions to the problem of crime
- they argue we should improve policing and control, and deal with the deeper situational causes of crime
POLICING & CONTROL
- Kinsey, Lea & young argue the public must be more involved in determining the police's priorities and style of policing
- this is because police spend too little time actually investigating crime
MILITARY POLICING
- Police depend on public to provide them with info about cirmes
- howvwer police are loosing public support especially in the inner cities and among ethnic minority groups, and the young
- As a result the flow of info dries up and the police rely instead on military policing
- e.g 'swampin' an area and using random stop and search tactics
- this alienates communities and they no longer trust the police and dont provide them with info- vicious circle
- LR argue policing must be made accountable yo local communities and deal with local concerns
- routine beat patrols are ineffective and stop and search tactics cause conflict
- thus place need to improve their relationship with local communities by spending more time investigating crime , changing their priorities
- LR also argue crime control cannot be left to the police alone- a multi-agency approach is needed
- this would involve agencies such as local councils social services, schools, leisure centres and the public
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EVALUATION:
- Relative dep cannot fully explain crime because not all those who experience it commit come
- interactionists argue that because left realists rely on quantitative data from victims surveys, they cannot explain offenders motives
- succeeded in drawing attention to the reality of street crime and its effects, especially n victims from deprived groups
THE FALLING CRIME RATE
- Young points to a second 'antiological crisis' (crisis of explanation)
- the first crisis was the failiure for existing theories to explain increases of crime from 1950s-1990s
- however since mid-1990s the crime rate has fallen substantially
- this is a problem for realist explanations because it explains crime is no longer the major threat they had regionally claimed