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June 12, 2023: THE IMPERIAL ROME AND THE FAMOUS EMPERORS (2 LESSONS) -…

- - - - senate: "advisors"
      - elite soldiers protect emperor
        
        praetorian guard
      - legislative assembly
        
        ceremonial rule; no real power
      - "veto"
      - absolute power
- - - - august is named after augustus
    - - they were a part of the group that planned julius caesar's assasination
      - later octavian separates from mark antony
        
        mark antony marries cleopatra
    - - tried to avoid making himself look too powerful
        
        called himself "princeps"
        
        "first citizen"
      - absolute power in rome
    - - established elite bodyguard (soldiers)
        
        Praetorian Guard (nine cohorts of 500 men who acted bodyguards for the emperor and his family)
      - senates were granted the power to control provinces
      - granted citizenship to people in the provinces
      - introduced uniform tax system
        
        to promote fair treatment among provinces
      - established civil service to enhance workings of the government
        
        usually would have to have people come together to make something - like a pool
        
        now they had a separate "deparment" that would use the tax money to make the pool
      - encouraged religion
        
        felt that moral was slipping
        
        people were becoming morally corrupt after the assasination of juilius caesar
        
        to encourage simple life
      - beautified rome: found it in brick and left it in marble
    - - had no son
      - decided to appoint next emperor
        
        tiberius
        
        stepson of augustus
        
        introverted
        
        "morose and suspicious"
        
        unpopular because he didn't spend much money on games and on public events
  - - - then had a mental breakdown because his wife died
        
        become a megolomanic (mentally instable)
        
        gave orders to kill people
        
        becomes unpopular
        
        people are demanding him to be removed
  - - - elite guards were trying to find him to put a purple ribbon on him (to appoint as emperor)
    - - furhter expanded civil service
    - - also killed a couple of claudius' sons - so nero could be emperor
        
        then later, nero killed his mother
        
        tried to kill her several times
        
        self-proclaimed poet and artist
        
        supposedly played the fiddle while rome burned
        
        built himself a new palace
        
        people got rid of palace because they got so annoyed
        
        nero hated christians
  - - - galba, oltho, vitellius, and vespasian
  - - - thinking that romans were crazy
  - - - saved people
  - - - against the christians
  - - - marcus was one of the stoics mentioned in blog
  - - - can "adopt" someone and have them become the next emperor
  - - - very virtuous
        
        stories say he's very generous
      - "pious"
    - - also popular because he spent money building aqueducts, temples and public baths
  - - - church for all gods
    - - fortress tomb which still stands in Rome.
  - - - His death is associate by many with the end of the Pax Romana
  - - - Fought in the gladitorial contests
  - - - giving money to "win the election" and be voted to be emperor by senate
        
        shady dealings
  - - - Catered to the army to hold power
    - - barbarians weren't entirely trustworthy
  - - - inflation
  - - - All of them came to a violent end
    - - did not want to be "romans" anymore
  - - - other emperors died
      - after setting up the 2-empire system, he could retire and grow cabbage
  - - - before him, it was illegal to be christian