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CHANGES IN THE 17TH CENTURY - Coggle Diagram
CHANGES IN THE 17TH CENTURY
POPULATION
Epidemics
Malnutrition caused by failed harvests and the effects of successive wars helped the plague to spread, affecting the weakest sectors of society
Poor hygiene
Poor hygienic conditions and ineffective medical care also contributed to the spread of the plague. However, some hygienic measures, such as the use of quarantines and masks, became more widespread
Wars
Successive wars broke out, affecting almost the whole continent. There were large conflicts, such as the Thirty Years’ War (1618–1648), as well as civil wars, such as the English Civil War (1642–1651)
The little Ice Age
On average, the temperature was 2 celcius
Poor harvests
In societies whose main economic activity was agriculture, a series of poor harvests resulted in famines. These famines affected the most disadvantaged social groups
EUROPEAN POPULATION DENSITY IN THE 17TH CENTURY
EUROPEAN POPULATION FROM 1600 TO 1700
SOCIETY
17th century
there were major international wars and severe economic problems
especially
textile industries
the farming sector (in which the vast majority of people worked)
social unrest and popular revolts
Many revolts protested military conscription and the fiscal policy of the monarchies, which increased taxes to finance their armies and win wars
Conscription and taxes affected the non-privileged classes the most
As a result
these groups revolted against the privileged classes
for example in Naples (1647–1648)
sometimes even against the king himself
Tax revolts often coincided with food riots
caused by the lack of food in cities during periods of poor harvests
because of speculation on cereal prices
Merchants stored grain without selling it, waiting for the price to increase as much as possible when cereal was scarce
The high price of bread led to urban revolts, such as the one in Palermo (1647)
rural areas
who accumulated property by confiscating those of impoverished, indebted peasants
this led to large peasant revolts
examples
Cossack uprisings in Russia (1606–1607 and 1670)
rebellion in Austria (1626)
croquant rebellions in France (1635)
fiscal policy and oppression was caused by noblemen in feudal estates or by members of the middle class
ATLANTIC TRIANGULAR TRADE
Chartered companies worked in and around the West Indies and the East Indies (India, Indonesia, Malaysia and Southeast Asia)
where they exchanged silver for spices. As a result, a triangular flow of trade was established in the Atlantic
This trading system operated from the late 16th to early 19th centuries
