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key issue 1 - Coggle Diagram
key issue 1
definitions
crime = a legal wrong that can be followed by criminal proceedings, which may result in punishment by law
deviance = behaviour that is disapproved of by most people in a society, as it doesn't conform to share norms/values
social order = general conformity to the shared norms/values, so that society is peaceful & predictable
social control = processes by which people are persuaded to obey the rules & conform, consists of formal & informal
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relative = vary according to time, culture & circumstance - eg homosexuality illegal in brunei (culture) & being naked is illegal in public (circumstance)
victim surveys = surveying people about which crimes they've been a victim of in a given period - largest is crime survey for england & wales, but there are other localised ones such as islington
advantages
- overcomes how the police don't record a significant portion of offences
- creates an excellent picture of intent & patterns of victimisation
disadvantages
- victims' recollections are often faulty/biased
- categorisation is left to the person filling in the questionnaire, leading to inaccuracy
- response rates low, leading to poor representativeness & generalisability
islington crime survey
- by jones, maclean & young
- random sample of 2,000 households
the crime survey for england & wales
- a large victim survey that seeks to find a representative sample
- respondents are interviewed in their own homes using a structured questionnaire
official crime statistics = statistics produced from police, court & prison records, as well as data collected in the csew - all collated by the home office & published by ons
advantages
- up to date & standardised (time lag is short between occurrence of crime & reporting)
- covers whole population & goes back many years, so trends can be identified
disadvantages
- doesn't include undetected, unreported or unrecorded crime (eg mumsnet in 2012 found that 83% of those who had been raped or sexually assaulted didn't report it to the police)
- doesn't provide complete info about each crime
sociological views
- marxists = see them as a tool used to control the working class & justify their control
- feminists = male crime against women is underrepresented in police figures, so challenge the accuracy
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