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Lesson 9 - Principles of Learning & Behaviour Modifications - Coggle…
Lesson 9 - Principles of Learning & Behaviour Modifications
Operant conditioning (learning through CONSEQUENCES)
LEARNING occurs by associating the response with the consequence
(Edward) Thorndike & the law of EFFECT
positive = strengthened = reinforced
negative = weakened = punishment
puzzle boxes
Skinner & operant conditioning
radical behaviourism
ALL behaviour determined by outside forces
black box/skinner box = cage with lever
(animal presses lever [behaviour], and food is released [ consequence], and encourages animal to press lever again to get food [operant response]
people respond to the consequence that allows them to operate on their environment
sooner reinforcement is given = sooner behaviour is strengthened
BEHAVIOURIST view = all behaviour is LEARNT through systems of association/reinforcement/punishment
operant conditioning
positive reinforcement is about DESIRABLE BEHAVIOUR being STRENGTHENED
encourage/add something pleasant (eg. give a sweet to a child who listens, and they will do it again in the future to get the sweet again)
negative reinforcement = strengthened by REMOVING something
(eg. naughty in class, remove break [something good] then child will learn to behave in class)
primary reinforcers = food, water, sleep, pain relief to satisfy BASIC NEEDS
secondary reinforcers = money is secondary because in exchange for food which is primary
TERMS
discrimination = a cue that signals that reinforcement is available if the person makes a particular response (eg. you will get a favourable response if you ask someone a favour when they are in a good mood vs being in a bad mood & they will probably say no)
extinction = desired behaviour occurring WITHOUT a reinforcer being present to strengthen it (eg. if a child used to raise her hand in class and you called on her, but now she raises her hand and you DON'T call on her, she will stop putting up her hand
generalisation - giving the same response to similar stimuli (eg. if a child is praised in English class, he will try work hard to get praised in another class too)