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key issue 2 - Coggle Diagram
key issue 2
global organised crime = the cross-border activities of organised crime groups arguably exploiting to their advantage, increasing global interconnectedness
difficult to define its scope & only a minority of them become known, so hard to define
activities may include drug trafficking, credit card fraud & money laundering
example = pablo escobar
- head of medellin cartel in colombia
- world's most powerful drug trafficker
example = chinese triads
- engage in a variety of crimes such as money laundering & human trafficking
- more than 250,000 members
international response has been slow & affected by various factors, such as increased trend towards state deregulation & lack of global attention at the expense of the threat of terrorism
named studies
- gastrow = popular perceptions of global organised crime are out of date, as state borders are irrelevant to global criminal organisations which is a problem as they're hard to track
- robertson = view of global co-operation is challenged due to 'glocalisation' in which local conditions impact on global phenomena (eg drug trade varies in the way in which it's organised in various countries
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social class
offending
- wealthy are more likely to go undetected due to expensive lawyers
- national prison survey = 41% of male convicts come from manual classes
victimisation
- 'multiple victimisation' = poor are more likely to be subject to this, as many social problems they face increase their crime vulnerability
- great bristih crime survey = unemployed are more than 2 times as likely to be burgled
age
offending
- young (10-17) are more likely to offend than older
- joseph rowntree foundation = majority of young people abandon it as they get older
victimisation
- youth are more likely to be victims
- ons = young women are more likely to be victims of domestic abuse than older women
gender
offending
- males commit around 80% of offences
- chivalry thesis = police & courts are more lenient to females
victimisation
- csew = fewer women are victims than men
- males = 7 out of 10 homocide victims
ethnicity
offending
- ethnic minorities are more likely to be arrested in the uk
- overrepresented in prison population = 27% but only make up 14% of society
- black people are 9x more likely to be stooped and searched by police
victimisation
- black people are around 5 times more likely to be victims of homocide than white people
- home office = black people are 5x more likely to be murdered than white people in england