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Glossary of terms - Coggle Diagram
Glossary of terms
Magma
Magma is the same as lava but it’s inside the volcano. When magma melts, it becomes intrusive rocks.
Lava
Lava is the same as magma but it’s outside the volcano. When the volcano erupts, the liquid being pushed out the volcano is lava. When lava melts, it becomes intrusive rocks.
Active volcano
Active volcanoes are volcanoes that still erupt. After the volcanoes erupt, the volcano stays dormant until it erupts again.
Dormant volcano
Dormant volcanoes are volcanoes that are active but not erupting. Volcanoes are dormant for most of the time. If the volcano stays dormant for 10,000 years or more, it becomes an extinct volcano.
Extinct volcano
Extinct volcanoes are volcanoes that don't erupt anymore. The volcano is extinct only when it has been dormant for 10,000 years or more.
The Richter scale
The Richter scale is a scale used to measure earthquakes. It measures the earthquake from a magnitude of 0.0 to a magnitude of 10.0.
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Tremor
Tremor is the shaking or vibration of the earthquake. It usually occurs during earthquakes or volcanoes erupting.
Minerals
Minerals are solid rocks. That can be from 0.1mm to 2mm. It has inorganic substances. Some form when salt water evaporates. Others are made when hot gases or molten rock cool or when heat or pressure change pre-existing minerals.
Igneous rocks
Igneous rocks are rocks that are formed by heat from volcanoes. There are two types of igneous rocks. One of them is intrusive, intrusive rock is rocks that are formed by the cooling of magma. The other one is extrusive, extrusive rock is formed by the cooling of lava.
Sedimentary rocks
Sedimentary rocks are formed by pre-existing organisms such as fossils. Sometimes, there might be fossils inside the sedimentary rock.
Metamorphic rocks
Metamorphic rocks are rocks that change their type and shape overtime. They usually change when there is high heat and high pressure.
Continental drift
Continental drift is the separating of continents. 250 million years ago, all the continents were together as one. It’s called a Pangea.
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Subduction zone
The subduction zone is when one plate goes under/above one another. They are usually caused by the convergent plate boundaries.
Oceanic trench
Oceanic trench is a long and narrow depression on the seafloor. The oceanic trench is formed by the subduction zone.
The asthenosphere
The asthenosphere is around 63 miles - 255 miles. It's denser and weaker compared to the other layers. The temperature is so high that rocks are softened and partly melted.
The core
The outer core is a liquid substance. It’s a liquid substance because it’s melted by the inner core. The inner core is a solid substance. Its temperature is hotter than the sun.
The atmosphere
The atmosphere is a mass that surrounds the Earth. There are 5 types of atmosphere surrounding Earth.
The Ozone layer
The ozone layer is the layer in between the troposphere and stratosphere. It protects us from the harmful UV rays and reflects them back.
Greenhouse effect
Greenhouse effect damages our climate. It makes the temperature rise at a rapid speed. It also causes sea level to rise by melting glaciers.
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The water cycle
The water cycle is a cycle that includes evaporation, condensation and precipitation.
The oxygen cycle
Oxygen is the air that we breathe. Without oxygen, there won’t be humanity anymore because there is no oxygen to breathe.