• To remove oppressive barriers to the freedom of conscience, the freedom of association, the freedom of expression, and the freedom to practice and share Islam with others. Permission to resort to armed struggle to remove these barriers (or “fitnah”, as mentioned in Qur’an 2:193) is also based on the qualification that all other means to remove them have already been attempted; e.g., letters of petition, protests, negotiations, non-violent resistance, defiance, etc.