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Physics Paper 2, an echo is a reflection of sound, https://quizlet…

- - - - Constant acceleration is sometimes called uniform acceleration.
        
        v^2 - u^2 = 2 a s
        
        Final velocity (m/s) - initial velocity (m/s) = 2 acceleration (m/s^2) distance (m)
        
        Acceleration due to gravity (g) is uniform (constant) for objects falling freely under gravity.
        
        It is roughly equal to 9.8 m/s2 near the Earth’s surface and notice how it has the same value as the Earth’s gravitational field strength.
        
        Terminal Velocity
        
        Three stages of falling:
        
        There are three stages as an object falls through a fluid:
        
        1) at the start, the object accelerates downwards due to the force of gravity
        
        2) as the object's speed increases, frictional forces such as air resistance or drag increase
        
        3) at terminal velocity, the weight of the object due to gravity is balanced by the frictional forces, and the resultant force is zero
        
        Stopping Distances
        
        Stopping distances:
        
        In an emergency, a driver must bring their vehicle to a stop in the shortest distance possible:
        
        stopping distance = thinking distance + braking distance
        
        This is when:
        
        thinking distance is the distance a vehicle travels in the time it takes for the driver to apply the brakes after realising they need to stop
        
        braking distance is the distance a vehicle travels in the time after the driver has applied the brake
        
        Reaction times/Thinking distance:
        
        Reaction time varies from person to person, but is between typically 0.2 s and 0.9 s.
        
        A driver's reaction time can be affected by:
        
        tiredness
        
        drugs
        
        alcohol
        
        distractions
        
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