Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Chemistry C1, Climate Change, Gas, Air Pollution, Bond energies, Chemical…

- - - - H2 + 2O2 = 2H2O
        
        Pros:
        
        No direct CO2 emissions
        
        Non polluting
        
        Can use carbon neutral hydrogen
        
        More efficient, fewer moving parts
        
        Cons:
        
        Hydrogen is dangerous and hard to store
        
        "Creation" of hydrogen usually involves fossil fuels.
        
        Less durable technology
        
        Very expensive
- - - - Definite shape and volume
- - - - CO2
        
        Builds up in the atmosphere causing climate change.
      - Incomplete combustion
        
        CO - Carbon Monoxide
        
        When breathed in, stops red blood cells from being able to carry blood around the body. Suffocation
    - - NO quickly turns to NO2
  - - - Causing acid rain which kills plants and damages buildings. Respiratory problems at ground level.
- - - - Therefore....
        
        The formation of the same type of covalent bond would release the same ammount of energy required to break it.
        
        FORMATION OF BONDS are EXOTHERMIC
- - - - REACTION ENERGY = ENERGY TO BREAK BONDS - ENERGY TO FORM BONDS
        
        If output is Negative: reaction is exothermic, energy is released
        
        If output is Positive: reaction is endothermic, energy has been brough in from the enviroment
- - - - Phase 3:
        
        Photosytheising algae and plants increase oxygen, decrease CO2 allowing more complex life to evolve
        
        Today the atmosphere consists of: 78% Nitrogen, 21% Oxygen, Small amounts of other gases: CO2, H2O and Noble gasses.
      - The earth cooled allowing water vapor to condense forming the oceans and the seabed of carbonate precipitate.
        
        The first bacteria (cyanobacteria), then green plants and algae evolved capturing CO2 and trapping it under layers of sediment formed partly from the shells and skeletons of marine animals that evolved.
    - - Nitrogen, Water Vapor, Methane and Ammonia released
- - - - Distillation
        
        Desalination
        
        Chlorination
        
        Filtration
        
        Process of seperation a solid and liquid using filters to "catch" the solid.
        
        Adding chlorine to kill microorganisms
        
        Removing salt from sea water
        
        Seperating substances in a mixture with different boiling points
      - Process of killing microorganisms
    - - Surface water
        
        Waste water
        
        Screening removes solids
        
        Clarification settles solid water with help of chemicals
        
        Filtration of fine particles
        
        dissinfection with chlorination
- - - - Used in freshwater scarse areas. Requires desalination using distillation or high pressure filtration with a fine membrane.