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UK's Physical Landscape - First 7 Lessons Summary - Coggle Diagram
UK's Physical Landscape - First 7 Lessons Summary
Physical Processes
Erosion
Attrition
Rocks smash into each other and break down into smaller pieces
Corrosion
Acidic sea/river water dissolves rocks
Hydraulic Action
Water forces air into cracks, widening them and breaking the rocks down.
Abrasion
Rocks moved backwards and forward, wearing the sea/river bed down like sandpaper.
Weathering
Freeze Thaw
Water gets into cracks, temp falls, water expands, rocks breaks apart
Chemical
Naturally acidic rainfall lands on rocks, disolves them.
Biological
Roots grow into cracks, expand, break rock apart
Onion Skin
Rock is heated during the day and expands, cools during the night and shrinks. This process repeats, rock breaks off in layers.
Mass Movement
Rockfall
A sudden rapid movement of loose rocks downhill
Soil Slump
A slow movement of soil downhill as it becomes saturated by heavy rainfall.
Landslides
A rapid movement of a large amount of loose sediment, normally due to heavy rainfall and strong winds.
Influences on the UK Landscape
Humans
Forestry
Natural woodland has been cut down.
Forests have been planted in straight lines with only one type of tree.
Agriculture
Hedgerows have been planted
Settlement
Houses have been built.
Roads have been built.
Supporting infrastructure has been built (e.g. electricity lines, bridges)
Glaciers
Turned V-Shaped Valleys into U-Shaped Valleys through erosion widening and deepening them.
When they melted, left large amounts of loose sediment in certain areas
Rock Type
When clay is next to chalk, the clay is eroded more rapidly, forming a steep slope called an escarpment
When less resistant granite is next to harder granite. The less resistant rock is eroded faster, leading to the harder rock sticking out from the landscape (a Tor)
When the rock is permeable, rivers form on top. When the rock is impermeable, it doesn't.
Tectonic Activity
Tectonic uplift led to rocky upland areas made of igneous rock forming in the northern region of the UK.
Tectonic shift led to limestone formed at equator to move to the UK.