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How can we respond in a diverse society? - Coggle Diagram
How can we respond in a diverse society?
Assimilation and integration in countries
Assimilation
Expectations to adopt beliefs of the host country they are in of the majority groups eg. forced to fit in, feeling excluded or oppressed and reduction in importance of beliefs from minority groups
Eg. of country: France. Uses secularism. Means that there are clear boundaries between the government and religion where one is favoured over the other. Citizens must embrace the French identity and put away their beliefs. eg. Burkini ban in 2016
There would be a stronger sense of national identity. However, it violates the rights and freedom people should have
Integration
It retains their unique identities while trying to find a common ground eg. accepted and feeling included, relationships built up with respect and learning about a diverse society
Eg. of country: SG. We believe that many identities form part of SG's identity and we share common values with other cultures respected. Diversity is also promoted for integration of religious groups and new immigrants
It builds harmony amongst other cultures and the people. However, it may also be perceived as an erosion in the national identity and more competition
market-based approach to healthcare (USA)
Deservedness argument. Individuals are responsible for keeping themselves healthy and they would take greater responsibility for their health
It may not be affordable as insurance is costly. Hence, there is ObamaCare introduced to help those of low to middle SES to have insurance and more access to healthcare
Payment methods
Medicare. By government for people with disabilities or more than 65 years old to benefit. A form of insurance for Americans to pay their bills.
Medicaid. By government for people with disabilities or low income. A form of insurance for higher affordability.
Private insurance. By individuals and benefits insurance companies and government. Helps more Americans to pay their med bills but might be expensive for lower SES people
government-financed approach to healthcare (Sweden)
Equality argument. Government provide goods and services to all and the people can get universal access to care while not draining their savings.
They may have to pay high taxes to enjoy the benefits and shoulder more financial burden especially for working class
Payment methods
Limit for out-of-pocket payments. By government for individuals to benefit. Pay for bills above a certain cost so that people do not have to pay more.
Full subsidy after paying 122 pounds for prescription drugs. By government for individuals to benefit. They can buy more medicine despite no money.
Hospitals publicly owned, non-for-profit. Government pay to benefit individuals. Ensures low prices.
Private insurance. For individuals to benefit those individuals. They can skip the waiting line and get quicker access to care.
Shared responsibility approach to healthcare (SG)
Equity argument. Both government and individuals responsible to provide services and ensure savings are sufficient respectively. Lower healthcare costs and take more responsibility in health.
Managing growing demand for healthcare due to ageing population, rising healthcare costs and need to allocate financial resources for careful coordination
Payment methods
Medisave. Individuals pay for government to benefit. More savings to cover treatment costs.
Medishield Life. Government pay for individuals to benefit. All Singaporeans share the responsibility of bills by risk-pooling financial cost of major illnesses
Healthcare subsidies. Government pay for individuals to benefit. Covers part of the bill with lower class being more.
Medifund. Government pay for low SES to benefit. Helps pay their bills if they cannot afford after subsidies.
80% of people in ICU in public hospitals. Government pay to benefit individuals. Can control healthcare costs and make it low.