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A NEW POLITICAL SETTLEMENT, 1992-1994 - Coggle Diagram
A NEW POLITICAL SETTLEMENT, 1992-1994
CODESA NEGOTIATIONS
Declaration of intent and the success in the referendum led to the creation of CODESA 2 in May 1992.
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ANC insisted on a centralised state, but the NP wanted some kind of federation. Buthelezi and Inkatha sought more power for the homelands.
Both the ANC and NP supported the idea of a multi-party interim govt. But the NP argued that all parties involved should have the right of veto, while the ANC felt that decisions taken by a majority in cabinet should be accepted by all. This led to a stalemate in May 1992.
Relationship between Mandela and De Klerk:
- relations were tense.
- Even when they jointly won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993, commentators felt a tension between them.
- Although they agreed a new constitution for SA, they were still political opponents in future elections.
- Negotiators at lower levels often worked well together.
- Any personal hostilities were overshadowed by the determination to reach an accord within the time frame.
Record of Understanding:
- Record of understanding issued based on 3 principles.
- Release of political prisoners, banning of traditional weapons, and physical restrictions on Zulu hostel dwellers who were held responsible for Inkatha inspired murders/attacks.
- In return, a future govt was to guarantee employment and pension rights for existing public employees and power sharing between leading parties.
- 1993: Mandela agreed that a future govt would be one of 'national unity' and would include members of all parties which received more than 5% of the vote.
- With these agreements in place, it was fairly easy to negotiate a final settlement.
- Not so easy to sell it to ANC/NP members, who still distrusted each other. Or Conservative party/Inkatha who refused to have anything to do with it.
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GOVT OF NATIONAL UNITY
- Mandela became president in a govt of national unity.
- SA faced huge problems still: 45 years of apartheid couldn't be demolished simply by a new constitution.
- Africans frustrated at the slow pace of change: they lacked the education and skills to access most opportunities.
- Crime remained high.
- Transition to democracy was successful; no serious threats to the new system.
- ANC lacked any effective opposition.
- The NP fragmented, especially after De Klerk's retirement in 1997.
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