paper 2
major HIC city in the world-logos
importance
regional- transport hub with airports
national- 50% industry in nigeria
international- hub of global business like shell
growth and why
to 15 million
rural to urban migration
uthfull population
opportunity's/ challenges
social- 68% people secondary school educated, 12 million with drinking water, 80% rely on desiel energy.
economic- eco Atlantic provides 150,000 jobs, easy access to informal econmomy
economic- 40% in informal economy, lots of unemployment,
social- 60% live in slums, 10% access to safe water, no toilets, many kids work instead of school
managing environmental issues
olusoun landfill site, 13% recycled
lots of traffic congestion
bus rapid transport scheme, 200,000 a day
integrated transport system
urban planning
makoko floating school, 60 people per lesson
enviromentally sustainable
cheap
2016 destroyed in storm
major uk city- London
importance
nationally- 800,000 commute per day, generates 30% London GDP
internationally- 30 million tourists yearly, global hub of trade, HSBC head offices
impacts of migration
higher diversity, Tina town, little Italy and luna new year
opportunities in london
Tate modern, British museum for art and entertainment
Buckingham palace and Big Ben
30% uks GDP earned in London, lots of work
Transport schemes
borris bikes
underground
black cabs
Challenges of urban growth
2020, 2.5 million in poverty
housing price rise
no equality in exam grades
exposure to pollution, health threat
gap between rich and poor
more building on green sites
building on brownfield and greenfeild sites
brownfield - more sustainable, stops city ex[anding, gas and electricity are already available
green sites- cheap, easy acesss to motorways, more garden space
UK food
regeneration of olympic park
pros
social- unemployment fell over olympic park, 40% houses were affordable
economic- Stratford tube station
environmental- 25% recycled materials made it, elizabeths park created
cons
social- after olympic period, jobs lost again
economic- fish smoking factory, move out forced, 5 billion over budget
envrimental- 33million tons co2
LIC use
positive- wages and income, more tax for schools and hospitals
negative- les land for own crop growth, more water insecutiry
organic produce
grown using natural pesticides and fertilisers, less environmental damage, no drugs
Uk carbon footprint
Changing economic world
UK food energy and water
Uk energy
17% all emissions
heating to climatiza plants- carbon footprint
agrobuissnesses
run by large companies to increase production
UK water
reasons for more demand
population increase
more wealth
shower+ bath
areas of deficit/surplus
East due to the high population but low rainfall
west has high rainfall
water stress- not enough water to meet demands
causes of water pollution
pesticides anf fertilizers
sewage pumps
effects of water pollution
kill aquatic life, euthrophication
UK government closed all coal mines
gas+ oil
reserves in North Sea
wealth provide jobs
Rely on international import- russia
how is it managed
waste water treatment centre
sewage investment
renewables=1/5
nuclear 1/6
fossil fuel majority
whys essential
food- jobs, healthy life, survival
water- survive, jobs in manufactor,
energy-education, scientific development, jobs
measures of development
Gross national income- total value of goods and services a year
Gross domestic product- without overseas income
Human development index- involves life expectancy, education, income per head
demographic transition model
inaffective as it dosennt showing inequalities in country
causes of uneven devlopment
shows the death rate and birth rate effect on population
physical- poor climate, few raw materials, lots of natural hazards
conflict and war
economic - poor trade links, debt, focus on primary goods
consequences of it- wealth inequalities, worse health and international migration
how to reduce the devlopment gap
aid to help them financially
debt relief reduces finical barriers
fair trade ensures local communities are aided
tourism provides money
example of toruism on devlopment- Tunisia
why?- mediteranian summer with almost 40c, easily accessible by low cost airlines, TUI for package holidays
negative effects
water intensive so water inequalities
seasonal jobs, economic ineqaulities
rural migration
positive effects
900 million dollars to economy
370,000 jobs
9 airports
multiplier effect, money spent on locals runs through
13% increase on literacy rates
UK
Deindustrilization reasons
cost of production
lots of opposition
investment decline
golbalization- 60,000 TNC, transport and internet improvements
ICT- 1.3 million jobs on it, more trade and oversea investment
post industrial economy
over 2 milion, 10% gdp
research provides 3bn income
science parks provide 75000 jobs
torr quai- Somerset
15 million to economy, employs 100
sustainable by- uses rail to transport, monitor water quality
Cambridge science [ark- health care for people, invests to comunitee, 7250 employees
south cambrishere as socio-economic change rural area
outer herridies
50% population decline
axing population
water transport is costly
devlopment in infrastructure
15bn road investment scheme
Liverpool 2 - the new port
3rd runway in Heathrow
north south divide why
coal mines abolished, loss of jobs I n north
strategies to reduce n s divide
northern powerhouse 2015
enterprise zones to set up jobs like Sunderland
nigeria
40 TNC operate in Nigeria
advantage- investment, money into cumminitee, trains locals
disadvantage- management to foreign people, poor working conditions
shell
nIGERDELTA FIRST OIL EXPLOITATION
6000 direct impact,
20,000 indirectly impacted
advatnges
economic- 20 bn 2013
social- shell foundation investment
environmental- try to clean after spillage
disadvantages
economic- leaked profits to other countries
social- crimes against Ogani people
environmental- Bodo 2008 oil spill
changing industrial structure
largest economy in Africa
51% in agriculture
oil and gas is 95% export earnings
political and trading relationships
political
commonwealth
political role in Africa
12bn from china for railway
trading
main imports are Europe and USA and china
crude oil export
international aid-
UK give 300 million annually
overseas aid given
affect of quality of life
life expectancy from 46 to 52
living conditions betterl
less infant mortality