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REVOLT IN THE TOWNSHIPS, 1984-87 - Coggle Diagram
REVOLT IN THE TOWNSHIPS, 1984-87
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PROTEST STRATEGIES
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- UDF supported by Indian Congresses and COSATU.
- UDF organised marches, protests, and demonstrations throughout SA.
- COSAS organised frequent school strikes and boycotts.
- National Education Crisis Committee (NECC) tried to provide alternative educational facilities or protestors and to encourage students to return to school.
- 1983-84: UDF groups campaigned to collect a million signatures for a mass petition against the new proposed constitution and African local govt. Less than 12% of Africans voted in the elections for the new community councils.
COMMUNAL VIOLENCE
Chief Buthelezi:
- Chief of the Zulu nation.
- Opposed apartheid, was prepared to work with the regime for reform.
- Supported capitalism, rejected communism.
- Condemned the use of violence and economic sanctions.
- Originally supported ANC, but grew distant from it.
- Many Africans saw him as a collaborator.
Inkatha:
- Zulu nationalist organisation which developed into the Inkatha Freedom Party in 1990.
- Opposed the ANC.
- Sought an independent Zulu homeland.
- Opposed the creation of the UDF as a front for the ANC.
- Buthelezi was police chief in KwaZulu.
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GOVT SUPPRESSION
Govt became increasingly effective at suppressing protest:
- more people were arrested and died in custody.
- 1982 Internal Security Act - anyone could be investigated and banned without the need to give a reason.
- Censorship extended by 1982 Inquest Act - outlawed the report of deaths in custody and criticism of security forces.
- Main policy was to destroy the ANC and other AA group bases at home and in the frontline states.
- Attacks on bases and suspected perpetrators.
- Continued army operation in neighbour states, where the aim was to destabilise radical regimes such as the MPLA (peoples movement for the liberation of Angola) or to stop them supporting ANC and other AA groups.
Angola:
- SADF faced military reserves in Angola.
- MPLA tried to destroy UNITA (political party in Angola), but the SADF aided UNITA.
Mozambique:
- FRELIMO came to an agreement with SA in 1984.
- FRELIMO closed ANC bases in return for SA no longer supporting oppositon groups.