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february revolution - Coggle Diagram
february revolution
timeline
- 26th feb - some regiments opened fire on crowds & 40 were killed in a single accident but at end of day 200 were dead
- 27th feb - thousands of soldiers joinded protestors & okhrana hq stormed, duma ordered not to meet but 12 members met regardless, first meeting of reformed Petrograd soviet & start of alliance that would last till october
- 14th feb - Rodzianko (dume president) warned tsar that serious outbreaks of unrest were imminent
- 18th feb - employees at Putilov steel works began to strike
- 19th feb - rationing had begun, rumours spread that there'd be no bread stocks left & unemployed would starve
- 23rd feb - on international women's day, women protested against shortage of bread
- 24th feb - 200,000 workers come onto streets
- 25 feb - numbers rose to 300,000 & encouraged by army as they hadn't crushed the protests
- 28th feb - tsar returned to petrograd hoping his presence would have calming effect
- 2nd march - Rodzianko made it clear the people wanted tsar to abdicate and senior generals lost faith in him, nciholas signed the abdication & his brother was meant to become tsar but he refused so the Romanov dynasty came to an end
likelihood of revolution
extent of opposition
TRADE UNIONS
- trade unions made legal after the rev and expected a reduction of working class discontent
- 1912 introduced insurance law leading to state continuing to fear independent working class
- 497 tradue unions closed between 1906-10
-unions with better paid male skilled workers able to survive
- metal trades took up 1/2 of the trades that happened demonstrating states failure to calm the working class
- repressive measures added
OTHER OPPOSITION
- liberals no longer considered a threat as largely appeased by tsarist concessions
- national minorities not very threatening as none wanted outright independence
- SR and SD considered less threatening as weakened by exile of their leaders and their rivalry
- industrial depression had lack of finance
1912-14 bolsheviks had a revival in their fortunes where they succeeded in taking over many legal labour institutions
- bolshevik not serious threat as had limited support and no success with army/navy
-
how revoltionary
WAS:
- economy doing well in lead up to war but after 1905 repression used
- started with Lena Goldfields massacre - workers protested on working conditions, wage
- opened floodgates to protests
WAS NOT:
- villages relatively quiet before 1914
- several years of good harvests helped keep protests etc low
- 1914 the army was still loyal
- octoberists/kadets distrusted one another
- mensheviks taking advantage of new political freedoms
impact of wwi
front
- august/sept russia took heavy losses
- forced out of Poland, Lithuania & Latvia in autumn 1915
- recovered in winter 1915-16
- poor quality of leadership
- many appointed by tsar due to loyalty
- no command structure
- shortage of riffles so had to pick them up from the dead
home front
- huge strain on russian economy
- railways barely able to cope with freight traffic
- goods & supplies available but couldn't reach where they were needed
- food shortage - railway collapse, frontline a priority to recieve food