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THE ANC RESTRENGTHENED - Coggle Diagram
THE ANC RESTRENGTHENED
DECLINE IN EARLY 1970S
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Former leaders still in prison, organisation itself in exile, support for black consciousness rising.
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Mandela and other long-term prisoners educated young fellow prisoners about the aims of the ANC and hopes for a unified SA.
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INTERNAL REORGANISATION
At this time, ANC were under leadership of Oliver Tambo.
ANC were planning for a new phase of struggle, planned to co-ordinate growing numbers of exiles, MK activities, raising of funds, and setting up ANC offices worldwide.
ANC maintained an increase of military camps, but faced resistance on two occasions.
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EXTERNAL LEGITIMACY
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ANC worked with OAU to gain power in African countries. But, these countries depended on trade with SA and were pressured to expel ANC.
ANC leaders visited non-communist countries to try to win support. But they were disadvantaged as they were seen as pro-communist.
Many groups/people in western countries disliked the ANC's stance on violence (asked them to stop armed struggle).
Right wing organisations/leaders in UK/USA regarded ANC as a terrorist organisation. This limited their overall support.
THE ROLE OF OLIVER TAMBO
Tambo:
- Mandela's law partner.
- Leader in ANC.
- Tambo managed to escape and set up an ANC headquarters in Tanzania after the state of emergency in 1961.
- Tambo became international face and global ambassador for the ANC.
Two pronged strategy of military conflict and the development of a mass political organisation. But, progress was slow with this.
Organisation launched a joint offensive with MPLA govt. But its lack of success caused more frustrations and open conflict.
Tambo faced mutinies - frustrated recruits wanted to return to SA, and complained about lack of resources/poor conditions in camps.
ANC needed to build up international support and shut down communist accusations. To do this, Tambo met with influential figures to explain the ANC position and that is supported capitalism.
He met representatives of USA multinational companies in the face of Reagan's aggressive stance against communism.
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MK attacks:
- sabotage on railways/industrial plants, attacks on govt offices and assassinations.
- Often planned to tie in with local concerns
- their strength was in their persistence rather than large scale effects.
GLOBAL AA MOVEMENT
Covered many countries, where people organised rallies/public events to show their opposition to apartheid in SA.
Govts were reluctant to offend SA and wary of ANC links to communism/ military activities. But there were exceptions, such as India, who maintained close ties with the ANC.
Scandinavian nations gave help with welfare, education, and healthcare.
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