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1905 revolution - Coggle Diagram
1905 revolution
event
MAY
- continuous disorder with no shape & civilians forming vigilante groups
- right wing groups supported tsar
- strikes spontaneous
- Union of Unions formed in hopes og achieving political reforms
JUNE
- Potemkin mutinated
- due to harsh conditions sailed to Odessa where crowds reacted warmly but troops opened fire
- battleship escaped & surrendered in Romania for safe refuge
JULY
- mood of revolt spread to countryside
- peasants began to seize land, grain etc
- general demands they had were land & end redemption payments
SEPT
- printers started general strike & spread to railway workers
- 2mill joined strike causing food/medical supplies to run short
- middle class supported and gave money
OCT
- 13th : St Petersburg soviet set up, mensheviks prompted soviet of workers' deputies to met and co-ordinate activities of workers
- 17th : tsar tired to ignore strike but couldn't as xountry on edge of disaster, turned to Witte realisng he had 2 options (brutality or reform) and adivsors suggested reforms so Nicholas forced to agree to October Manifesto
russo-japanese war cause
cause of war
- russia wanted to exploit area around Manchuria due to its resources/markets
- Japan had already had control of Korean peninsula and Russia wasn't welcomed
- Japan proposed Russia to have predominance in Manchuria if Japan could control korea but Russia treated them with disdain
- japan launched suprise attack on Russian ships at Port Arthur in Jan 1894
event of war
- Russia completely underestimated Japan who had better trained army & navy
- Russia suffered several defeats & had to retreat - public support turned to dismay
- final humiliation was when naval defeat of Russian Baltic ship that travelled half the world under 6months destroyed under hour by Japan
- Witte negotiated Treaty of Pourtsmouth where Russia withdrew from Manchuria & Japan got Korea & Port Arthur
- catalyst for metldwn in 1905
- opposition groups demanded change in way country governed
- economic impact added to misery of general population
short term impact
-
order restored
REPRESSION
- Durnovo new minister of interior & keen to re-establish authority for tsar
- 3rd dec, leaders of St Petersburg soviet arrested resulting in armed uprising
- this failed due to brutal crack down with mass arrests
RE-ASSERTING RULE IN COUNTRYSIDE
-- wava of peasantry unrest reached its peak in 1905 due to deterioration in economic conditions
- to cut tension, governments promised to cut cut redemption payments
ARMED FORCES
- troops sent to countryside to bring peasants under control
oct 1905- april1906, 15,000 people executed
why tsar survived
POOR COMMUNICATION BETWEEN OPPOSITION
- groups opposing tsar include workers, peasants, students but no able to provide co-ordinated & effective opposition to bring tsar down
LIBERAL & SOCIALIST SPLIT
- October Manifesto caused the split
liberals wanted political reform
- socialists wanted social revolution
ROLE OF WITTE
- end of 1905, gov in financial trouble
- cost of russo-japanese war meant falling to brink of financial collapse
- Witte secured huge loan stabalising economy
1905 SIGNIFICANCE
- showed institutions could infact survive as long as army loyal
- revolutionary parties no present threat
main outcome was Dumas & formation of liberal political parties offering middle class the opportunity to participate in government
other causes
bloody sunday
- january 1905 - 4 workers sacked leading to strike of 100,00 to achieve bettwer wages/hours
- Father Gapon organised a petition (8hr day, min wage) & wasn't aggressive
-150,000 men, women & kids marched to winter palace in best clothes carrying photo of tsar
- when reached, troops opened fire with 130 killed and 300 injured
- broke bond between tsar and his people
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