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Ellan Mustafa - Ch23 7/6/23 - Coggle Diagram
Ellan Mustafa - Ch23
7/6/23
Section 1
vegetative reproduction
directed vegetative reproduction
naturally occurring vegetative reproduction
alternation of generations
diploid sporophyte stage
chemotaxis
haploid gametophyte stage
protonema
prothallus
heterosporous
microspores
micropyle
megaspores
Section 3
as ovule develops into a seed, changes in the ovary cause it to develop into a fruit.
embryo in a seed growing is germination, and seeds produced at the end of growing season have little growth, which is germination
zygote undergoes cell divisions to form embryo that receives nutrients from endosperm
simple fleshy fruits
contain 1 or more seeds. ex: apples, pumpkins
double fertilization
pollen grain produces two sperm. one fuses with egg to form zygote and the other fuses with the 2 polar nuclei forming triploid cell/endosperm
aggregate fruits
form from flowers with flower organs that fuse as fruit ripens. ex: strawberries, blackberries
male gametophyte
specialized cells in the anther undergo meiosis and produced microspores that undergo mitosis to form 2 nuclei.
multiple fruits
multiple fruits that form from flowers that fuse as fruit ripens. ex: figs, pineapples
sporophyte generation is dominant
dry fruits
fruits dry as they mature. ex: nuts, grains
female gametophyte
pistil forms megaspore and nucleus undergoes meiosis forming a cell with 8 nuclei that separate so that there are 3 at each end of the cell and 2 polar nuclei in the center. the nuclei closest to the micropyle becomes an egg.
radicle
first part of embryo to appear outsside of seed
seed coat
polar nuclei
hypocotyl
first part of seed to appear above ground
Section 2
petals are colorful to attract pollinators
stames are the male reproductive structure while pistils are the female reproductive structure
sepals protect the flower bud
complete flowers have all 4 organs while incomplete flowers have three or less
perfect flowers have both stamens and pistils while imperfect flowers only have one
monocots have organs in multiples of three while eudicots have organs in multiples of four of five
self pollination is when flowers pollinate themselves or other flowers. on the other hand, cross pollination is when flowers rely on pollinators for reproduction
darkness period
animal pollination
critical period
wind pollination
long-day plant
short-day plant
intermediate-day plant
day-neutral plant
photoperiodism