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criminology ac3.1 - Coggle Diagram
criminology ac3.1
prisons
aims
rehabilitate and change offenders, lock them away to protect the public, hold securely and implement sentences and orders of courts
funding
paid by government and general taxation - 2017 £3bil, 15% fall in officers
working practies
2019 121 prisons, 106 public
closed prisons
A-most serious (rape,murder, terrorism), cannot be trusted at all - Belmarsh, B-escape needs to be difficult - Pentonville, C-cannot trusted to be in open space but unlikely to escape - Birmingham
open prisons
D - can be trusted to be in open spaces, unlikely to escape
attempted escapes
wears a banana suit when moving, gets put on list,
IEPs
ranking scale, when person comes to prison they are on standard level, misbehaviour = lower, desirable = higher
judiciary
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philosophy
independence, impartiality, integrity, proriety, ensure equal treatment
aims and objectives
crown - manage trial, ensure fairness, explain legal issues and procedures to members of jury
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-
working practices
cannot be removed except monarch, salary if guaranteed
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cps
aims and objectives
set up 1985 under prosecution of offenders act, advise police about lines of enquiry and evidence needed, independently assess evidence, decide whether to prosecute prepares prosecution case
values and philosophy
independence and fairness, honesty and openness, treat everyone with respect, behave professionally, equality and inclusion
funding
£500,000,000 from government, 25% budget cut in 2018 which led to fall in 1/3 staff
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local and national reach
nationally over England and Wales, 14 regional area teams
police
Sir Robert Peel founded Met police in 1829. prevent crime and disorder, ability depends on public cooperation, physical force last resort, impartial.
aims and objectives
keep peace and maintain order, protect life and property, prevent, detect and investigate crime, bring justice
funding
2/3 from central gov, most rest comes from council tax. 2018 fell by 19%
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special constables
unpaid, part time volunteers who undergo same training as police and hold the same legal powers
probation
philosophy
believe offenders can change for the better, worth and dignity of individual
aims and objectives
supervise high risk offenders released into community, 300 hours unpaid work
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working practies
at oen time there are 250,000 offenders on probation
national and local reach
prepare pre sentences for courts, manage approved premises, help offenders serve sentences
charities
NACRO - national association for the care and resettlement of offenders, charity - provides help to ex-offenders, pressure group - change policies
NACRO aims
social justice charity, seeking to change lives, strengthen communities and prevent crime, overcome stereotype views
services
housing-2018 2600 left prison with secure accommodation, education-4900 people studies, resettlement advice
NARCO funding
£50mil annually, public donations, government grants, contracts for providing services