Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

58 - UK & Ireland from 1945, Welfare State, Foreign Affairs, Beveridge…

- - - - WChurchill provided strong leadership of coalition govt - several Labour ministers served too eg Clement Atlee, Ernest Bevin & Herbert Morrison.
  - - - Want, Idleness, Squalor, Ignorance & Disease (WISID)
        
        Aimed to:
        
        Find JOBS, provide HOUSING & HEALTHCARE, Provide safety net from CRADLE to GRAVE
    - - Austerity & misery of war years & collective, communal suffering made the public vote for change
  - - - Govt thf forced to BACTRACK on some promises etc reintroduced charges for prescriptions, glasses etc. Govt faltering
        
        1951 LOST election despite winning more votes (48.8% vs 48). But Tories won 26 more seats. CHURCHILL BACK.
        
        Despite this, Britain under Atlee years CHANGED more than other ANY other govt, before or since. Welfare reforms had a PROUND EFFECT on the way ppl saw themselves & their country
    - - Withdrawal from INDIA. Partitioned country in 2 (Pakistan - Muslin, Inia, Hindu) sparked BLOODBATH in which est. 1 m (min) were killed. Boarders drew up in 36 days by lawyer who had never been to India & used outdated maps & census info. Split Pak. into east & west 1000s of kms apart. Brits left & CHAOS erupted
        
        AND messed up Middle East with creation of Israeli state 1948
  - - - Peak of Cold war - Eden preoccupied with trying to cling on to 'great power status' when country couldn't afford to do so.
        
        SUEZ crisis - Suez Canal nationalised by Egyptians. Eden feared this would cut off oil supplies to Europe. Conspired with Fr & Israel to invade. International condemnation - US/UN/USSR/CW - forced Eden into humiliating retreat
      - AT home: falling birth rate = smaller, more affluent households. ↑ consumerism. Cars, electronic goods, TVs etc.
        
        Beatles, hippies, pill, sexual freedom etc. Politización of young, protests in Vietnam & vs nuclear bombs etc. Backdrop: Cold War
        
        ↑ economic pressures. Inflation, further devaluation of pound. ↓ in living standards, led to ↑ in strikes, esp in coal mines
        
        Troubles broke out in N Ireland. AND racist riots in big cities - Brixton, Liverpool, Bham, Leeds & Manc. 1968 Rivers of Blood. Decolonization cont.
        
        1973 - Entered European Common Market
        
        THATCHER 1979
        
        9 more items...
        
        NEW LABOUR
        
        2 more items...
  - - - Lib Dems - backstab public re tuition fees.
        
        AUSTERITY
        
        Demonization of w/c. ↑ in inequality.
      - 3 referendums: AV, Scottish Ref & BREXIT
        
        After Brexit Cameron resigned immediately.
        
        T M 2016-19 - struggled to get approval for Brexit deal.
        
        B Johnson 2019-2022 'Get Brexit Done'. Pandemic. Scandals, partygate etc. Recently found to have deliberately misled parl.
        
        Truss - succeeded in almost crashing markets in shortest ever premiership. Mortgages
        
        Sunak - 2022-2023. Scandals cont, lots of resignations
- - - - Ended with G Friday Agreement 1998
    - - ↑ in economy. Jobs ↑. Pop ↑ for 1st time since famine.
        
        1973 Entered Eu (with UK).
        
        1973-2018 - lots of EU funding.
        
        2014 - fastest growing economy in Eurozone. Celtic Tiger. Low taxes, weak euro etc. ↑ in multinationals
- - - - 52% vs 48%
        
        Press, Public misled, Leave campaign lies, DM: 'If you believe in Britain vote leave'.
        
        Much negotiating over Divorce Bill & Withdrawal Agreement.
        
        Transition Period lasted until 31st Dec 2020.
        
        NI Backstop - V IMP to avoid hard border due to Good F Agr. Effectively created border in the sea. BUT Unionists strongly against this - don't want to be treated differently. ↑ tensions
- - - - The 2 combined & influenced the post war novel. Post-Modernism
        
        Ideas that civilisation contains the seeds of corruption
        
        Eg in William Golding's The Lord of the Flies 1954 & Orwell's political dystopian fantasies : Animal Farm 1945 & 1984 (1949), which blurs boundaries between fantasy & realism. Also seen in Tolkien's LotRs
        
        Women novelists eg Angela Carter challenge feminist tenants in their work
  - - - 1960s - poetry ↑ popular in lower m/cs & in the regions. Reflected polarisation of Eng between poorer N & richer S. But, still niche compared to novels
- - - - The Short History of English Lit., OUP 2004. Baugh - a Literary History of England, 1948 Routledge. Britannica. Hugh Kearney, The British Isles, CUP 1989.