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CHAPTER 2 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - departments involved directly in the production of organizational outputs
    - - departments that advise and support line functions with strategic planing, etc.
  - - - number of levels in the hierarchy
    - - specialization = number of departments
- - - - extent to which rules, regulations, policies and procedures govern organizational activities
- - - - Hierarchy: High horizontal and vertical differentiation
      - High formalization
      - Centralized
      - Standardization
      - Close supervision
      - Vertical communication: Instructions
    - - Network
      - Low formalization
      - Decentralization
      - Joint problem solving, interaction
      - No supervision
      - Lateral communication: Consultation
  - - - More stable = more formalized and hierarchical
    - - Greater task uncertainty (sales) = more relationship oriented
      - Less task uncertainty (production) = more task oriented
    - - Rapid feedback (sales and production) = short-term orientation
      - Timely feedback (R&D) = long-term
    - - Stable Environments: Hierarchy and central coordination
      - Unstable Environment: assign decision-making to lower hierarchical levels