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Religion and Globalization - Coggle Diagram
Religion and Globalization
Campbell's Interpretation
The Processes
Hybridization
Glocalization
Roudometof has a survey on the history of Christianity. Based on that he argues that it is possible to detect four concrete forms of glocalization:
Indigenization
This refers to the process of connecting specific religious beliefs with ethnic or cultural groups. It involves the fusion of religion and culture, where religious practices and beliefs become intertwined with the customs, traditions, and identity of a particular ethnic group.
Indigenization highlights the idea that religion is not separate from culture but rather becomes an integral part of it, shaping and reflecting the unique identity of a community.
Indigenization was connected to the survival of particular ethnic groups.
vernacularization
This involved the rise of vernacular languages or the common language such as "Greek or Latin", or "Arabic (if you follow Islam)".
These languages were believed to have a special connection to the sacred, allowing individuals to have a more direct and personal access to religious teachings and experiences.
In other words, the use of vernacular languages made religious practices and beliefs more accessible and relatable to the common people
Vernacularization was often promoted by empires.
nationalization
This is the process by which something becomes associated with or confined to a specific nation or country.
In the context of religion, nationalization can involve the identification of a particular religious tradition or institution with a specific nation-state, where religion plays a significant role in shaping the national identity or is officially recognized by the state.
transnationalization
This refers to the increasing interconnectedness and interactions between different nations or across national boundaries.
In the context of religion, transnationalization refers to the spread, influence and connections of religious beliefs, practices, and institutions across national borders
It involves the movement of ideas, religious practitioners, and religious communities beyond the confines of a single nation, resulting in the formation of transnational religious networks and the blending of different cultural and religious influences.
Indigenization
These processes illustrate how religion can adapt and integrate into different communities, forming intimate connections with local and communal relations.
Religion no longer maintains universal uniformity but instead blends with the specific characteristics of each locality.
Glocal Religion
Instead of religion being the same everywhere, it takes on different forms depending on the local context.
It becomes a way for people to express their collective and individual identities.
People integrate global influences and ideas into their local religious traditions.
This can occur through cultural exchanges, migration, or the spread of information and communication technologies.
Glocal religion recognizes that religion is not confined into a single fixed form but is shaped by the interactions between global forces and local cultures. It highlights the dynamic nature of religious expression and the ways in which religion adapts to local contexts while being influenced by broader global trends.
Examples
When the Spaniards colonize the Philippines, they planned to share Catholicism to us. The Spanish missionaries had to adapt the religious practices to the local cultural context.