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Internationalism - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Successive Japanese administrations participated in interwar multilateral efforts because they recognized the bankruptcy of the old order and saw tangible benefits for Japan in international cooperation
  - - - Prewar Japan was closely implicated in bankrupt imperialist diplomacy and was considered a symbol of nineteenth-century militarism, leading to the perception of Japan as an "absolutist" state and a "second Germany" by some American news organizations and members of Congress
        
        Transformation to multilateralism in the interwar period paralleled the mid-nineteenth-century transformation from a "closed" to an "open" country, but Japan's geopolitical circumstances had vastly changed after the Great War
        
        participation in multilateral treaties in the 1920s symbolized Japan's rise to the status of a world power and its ambition for leadership in civilisation
        
        saw multilateralism as a means to become accepted as a "citizen of the world" and a country built upon just international intercourse, aligned with the ideals of democracy and world civilisation
- - - - rejection of the racial nondiscrimination clause was seen as a reflection of Japanese diplomatic incompetence rather than global injustice
        
        most critical objective for Japan at the peace conference was obtaining great power recognition of its wartime gains in China and the South Pacific
  - - - However, the conference marked the first time Japanese subjects participated as representatives of one of the five great world powers
        
        Japanese delegates were seen as wanting in comparison to experienced European statesmen but were celebrated for operating on a new international stage
        
        conference raised Japan's international status and gave the empire a say in European problems
        
        Junior members of the Japanese delegation observed the presence of cars bearing the insignia of the Rising Sun, symbolizing Japan's exalted new status
- - - - Japan readily accepted membership in the League while the United States did not, which elevated Japan's status as one of the four permanent members of the League Council
        
        Japanese delegates actively participated in the League's deliberations and its sister organizations, signing international conventions and contributing to various matters
        
        Nitobe Inazo, a prominent Japanese educator, played a significant role in promoting the League and became a well-known international personality
  - - - Kenseikai Party recognized the importance of the League and urged Japan to actively engage in world problems for the welfare of humanity
        
        Despite criticisms of the ruling party, the Kenseikai continued to support the League and its accomplishments
        
        Lieutenant General Ugaki Kazushige emphasized the need for Japan to participate in the League and follow world trends
        
        Enthusiasm for the League extended beyond its establishment, with politicians and individuals recognizing its promising future and Japan's status as one of the world's great powers
        
        League's ability to prevent world conflict was limited, it had tangible effects on international relations and brought together political leaders to discuss important issues - League's annual general assembly was seen as a grand event, gathering prime ministers, foreign ministers, and plenipotentiaries to address arms control, economy, and matters related to human happiness
- - - - innovations of the Washington Conference eventually unraveled in the 1930s, but at the time, it achieved general disarmament and peaceful international cooperation, surpassing what the League of Nations had accomplished
        
        accentuated the tangible benefits of the new world order for Japan, confirming its position as a world power and raising its status to fourth or even third place
- - - - focusing on objections raised against the pact overlooks its contemporary significance and Japan's integration into the interwar regime of internationalism
      - Similar to the League of Nations and Washington Conference treaties, the Kellogg–Briand Pact was seen as a concrete pillar of the new internationalism that Japan committed to at the Paris Peace Conference
      - Although the treaty could not prevent the descent into war in the 1930s, it remains an active reference in international affairs today
- - - - focus on reestablishing gold parity was not driven by a desire for Americanization but rather to follow the trajectory of "civilised" nations and restore the civilised world
        
        lifting of the gold embargo was viewed as a return to universal practices of international commerce and essential to avoid Japan's economic isolation
        
        Japanese business circles responded positively to Prime Minister Hamaguchi's resolve on gold, and the Japanese Chamber of Commerce praised the government's priority on gold and fiscal restraint
- - - - considered a momentous event, symbolizing the new internationalism and representing the shift of global center of gravity to Asia