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Peoples Health - Coggle Diagram

- - - - He suggested that a national public health authority be set up which forced local councils to provide clean water and proper sewage systems.
      - He challenged the governments laissez faire approach
      - Many water company bosses objected to Chadwick's approach as it may affect their profits
      - Local taxpayer opposed him as they didn't want to pay more tax
- - - - Regulated midwives and required them to have a certificate to show training. Before this there was no procedure.
    - - Provided free school meals for poor children. Was not mandatory for local governments to enforce until 1914. The school milk scheme began in 1934.
    - - All children were examined but not treated. School clinics were set up in 1912 to treat children. By the 1930s most schools had provisions to treat basic ailments.
    - - Saved many poor people from the workhouse and set up the pension system still used today.
    - - Protected people against unemployment and sickness by providing money for them to live on.
    - - Act promised 500,000 houses that were 'fit for heroes' but economic problems meant less than half were built. Lay the path for slum clearance and council housing.
    - - Ended the use of workhouses and local governments took responsibility for local hospitals. Workhouses were turned into hospitals by the NHS in 1948.
    - - Mass immunisation against diphtheria in 1940 and tuberculosis in 1948. Immunisation is now a common practice in the NHS.
    - - Provided and still provides free medical care for all UK residents funded via taxation.
    - - Various measures were put in place to control air quality. The first of many laws passed to improve the environment.
    - - Regulations put in place to ensure safe work places and minimal injury. Still in place today.
  - - - People having more money to spend on sweeter foods
      - Labour saving devices becoming more available
      - People using trains and not walking
      - People not exercising enough
      - New technology
  - - - First media interest in AIDS. AIDS becomes associated with gay people by the media and some churches. (1983)
      - 5 Brits dead from AIDS (1982)
    - - People unaware how easily AIDS could be spread. Fire service stop giving mouth to mouth and parents withdraw their children from schools with AIDS positive children.
      - Governments order AIDS sufferers to be detained against their will. Doctors wear full PPE around AIDS patients.
    - - By 1986: charities were donating clean needles to druggies, the government was funding free AIDS screening and an awareness campaign, posters and TV helped to end myths.
      - April 1987, Princess Diana shakes hand with an AIDS patient to disprove myths
    - - AIDS becomes widely understood
      - In 1991, EastEnders has a HIV positive character and Freddie Mercury dies of AIDS.
      - In 1992, a tribute concert to Freddie Mercury raises £20 million for AIDS causes
      - Blood screening, advice about safe sex and info on sharing needles was helping prevent AIDS.
      - By 1995, 25,000 Brits had been diagnosed with HIV, 1200 had developed AIDS and 8500 died.
    - - In 1996, new anti-retroviral drugs helped slow the onset of AIDS.
      - People began to believe that the new drugs cured AIDS and stopped taking precautions so cases of HIV and STIs dramatically increased.
      - In 2009, 100,000 Brits had HIV and 1/4 of sufferers were unaware.
- - - - Caused by migration from the countryside and high living cost so families often lived in one room.
        
        Weren't enough privies so waste flowed into the street
        
        Diseases like tb (tuberculosis) were common due to damp walls
    - - Rich people didn't want taxes to increase for water and waste and government still had a laissez faire approach to public health.
        
        Working class men given the vote in 1867
        
        No free healthcare so medicine had to be paid for. People who couldn't afford it died.
    - - Until 1861 people didn't know about germs, many people had to drink dirty water, six biggest killers were: tb, influenza, diphtheria, typhoid, typhus and cholera, people lived close together
        
        Disease spread fast and people didn't know why
        
        Life expectancy was low
        
        Infant mortality was high
        
        In the later part of the period, scientists make breakthroughs with health issues
- - - - Private landlords were reluctant to build new homes for poorer families so the government passed a housing act in 1930
      - In the 1930s, each council set up a housing committee to oversea the construction and maintenance of council homes
      - Housing act of 1930 allowed councils to force landlords to sell slum houses to them so they could be redeveloped into council housing.
      - The development of gas and electric heaters and cookers meant that people no longer had to store and use coal.
        
        Not needing to store coal led to the development of high rise flats. They were at first three to four stories high, but this increased as technology developed.
      - The housing act of 1919 ordered councils to build new rented accommodation in their area. It also set standards for water supply and drainage that all houses had to meet.
      - In 1909, the government banned the construction of back to back housing which reduced cramped, overcrowded conditions.
    - - By the 2000s, there had been a return to the trend of private landlords. A survey suggested that 50% of rented accommodation failed to meet government standards.
      - Damp, mould, excessive cold and poor lighting were prominent issues that are still around today in accommodation.
      - The rebuilding of homes and construction of high rise flats left some feeling isolated and disrupted communities.
    - - The housing act of 1980 meant that people could buy their council houses. 1.5 million houses have since been sold which has reduces the amount of houses the council has to provide to families in need.
      - In 1979, 42% of the population were living in a council house compared to 1% at the start of the century.
      - WWII destroyed around 475,000 homes in Britain. 1945-75 saw a huge increase in the building of council houses.
      - 4,500 tower blocks had been build by 1980. At first people appreciated their modern facilities but by 2000 they had become associated with undesirable low cost housing and increased crime rates.
  - - - The 1956 clean air act created smokeless zones which improved air and by the 1980s smog was no longer a problem.
      - After the invention of a new lead based fuel led to the death of thousands, scientists were forced to create new lead free fuels.
      - In 2017 the government announced their plan to ban all petrol and diesel cars by 2040.
    - - Coal consumed per year increased from 10 million tons (1800) to 200 million tons (1950)
      - Laws preventing pollution from factories were rarely enforced
      - Smog often led to lung disease and between the 4th and 12th of December 1952, it killed around 12,000 Londoners.
      - A huge increase in motor vehicles meant more fumes were being released into the air
      - 2014 and 2015 London marathon runners were warned not to train in the streets.
- - - - It was fast spreading throughout Britain and had reached the far north of England by the end of 1349.
        
        It is estimated to have killed 60% of Britain's population (3.5 million people) in two years.
        
        It died down in 1350 however
    - - Bubonic
        
        Buboes (swelling in the armpits and groin)
        
        Fever
        
        Blisters
        
        Death in a few days
      - Septicaemic
        
        Bleeding
        
        Diarrhoea and vomiting
        
        Fingers, toes and nose turn black
      - Pneumonic
        
        Coughing up blood
        
        Chest pains and trouble breathing
        
        Death in two days
  - - - Miasma
      - Eye contact
      - The alignment of the planets
      - Sweaty skin
    - - None of this helped
    - - This would have helped as it removed germs and rats
- - - - Increased crime rate
      - The ruin of many families
      - Big increase in the death rate
      - Men and women became addicted to gin. Many women drank it while pregnant leading to their children being deformed.
        
        Became known as 'mothers ruin'
        
        In 1743 a woman called Judith Defour killed her two year old daughter in order to sell her clothes and buy more gin.
  - - - Smaller alehouses were not regulated
    - - Impossible to enforce due to all the small alehouses
    - - Failed for similar reasons to the first gin act. People started rioting about it and illegally producing gin in their homes.
    - - This finally worked and consumption fell