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HOW MIGRATION HAS CREATED MULTI-CULTURAL SOCIETIES, WHICH INCLUDE…
HOW MIGRATION HAS CREATED MULTI-CULTURAL SOCIETIES, WHICH INCLUDE CHRISTIANITY
HOW MIGRATION HAS CREATED MULTI-CULTURAL SOCIETIES
British scoieties has contained communities of people from other cultures for a long time in its history
until the 18th cent the only non-christian religion that most europeans had come to terms with
people are familiar with islam but the general understanding of this was influenced by the conflict of the crusades
by the 18th cent europeans knew more about other world religions so 'religion' became more of a generic term
OUTLINE OF MIGRATION TO BRITAIN
Many people migrated from Eastern Europe after WW2
many indians and Pakistanis migrated after Indian independence was declared in 1945, peaking in 1972 with their expulsion from Uganda, by Amin
in the 1950s, there was a severe shortage of labour in the uk so the British government encourages immigration from the carribbean and Hong Kong
in 1980s many somalis came to escape a civil war in their homeland
in 1990s, the balkan conflict led to many people migrating from their
immigration has continued in 21st cent as a result of:
the expansion of the EU
Migrants crossing into Europe from north africa
refugees from the civil war In syria
RESPONSES TO MULTICULTURALISM IN THE PAST
Some assumes the immigrants would soon become fully assimilated into British culture (adopting the language, dress & religion)
but as immigrant groups established, many retained their own cultural identity
some views immigration as a threat ro traditional British values, which hey linked to christianity even if they had no real connections with any church
emotive and inflammatory language was used, such as talk of being swamped
Powells speech in 1968 warned society of disastrous results
by 1980's there was a general recognition of what is called 'multiculturalism'
most people sae multiculturalism as an opportunity for enrichment
there was a desire to respect and protect all cultures
it was seen as a way of promoting tolerance and equal opportunities in all aspects of British life
DIVERSITY OF FAITHS IN BRITAIN TODAY
2011 consensus shows the following:
a continuing decline in numbers of those declaring they were christian
a rise in those of no religion, and muslims
statistics fro hinduism, Sikhism, judaism and buddhism also showed an increase
this diversity is not seen in all parts of britain
some areas of Britain are still monocultural as when people first migrated, they tended to settle in groups and in places where employment was to be readily found[industrial cities]
some people e.g the indians expelled from Uganda, were settled in places where local government said they had the capacity to receive them
FREEDOM OF RELIGION AS A HUMAN RIGHT IN EUROPEAN LAW
EUROPEAN LAW
The universal declaration of human rights, article 18 is confirmed and included in the European convention human rights and fundamental freedoms, article 9
BRITISH LAW
1988 humans right act
its against the law to prohibit or restrict the practice of religion
it allows religious plualism within British society
RELIGIOUS PLURALISM AS A FEATURE OF MODERN SECULAR STATES
As a secular state, Britains population contains many different faiths and many different cultures
it is a society in which there is to an extent religious pluralism
a society in which religious pluralism is embraced is characterised by:
exploring eachothres traditions
helping one another and respecting differences
those who oppose multiculturalism argue it threatens social cohesion as there is no sense of a common identity
immigrant cultures may flourish without being assimilated which can lead to a sense of isolation or discrimination
multiculturalism assumes that no culture can claim to be the best
however a major reason for belonging to a religion is the conviction that it offers the best way of life
certain practices carried out by certain communities aw illegal under British law and thus cause tensions
e.g FGM & forced marriages
INFLUENCE ON CHRISTIAN THOUGHT
when talking about food, dress, family traditions, and some religious practices then its possible to get a taste for these things e.g by sharing festivals
it gives people a sense of belonging to a world community rather than a local one
e.g christians may share Diwali fireworks with hindu neighbours
its less simple howver to be part of a community in terms of religious beliefs
the existence of statements of belief may make it impossible for someone to accept that the teaching of 2 or more religions are true at the same time