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Civil Rights - Coggle Diagram
Civil Rights
Plessy vs. Ferguson
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Plessy decided to appeal the decision to the Supreme Court of Louisiana, but they upheld Ferguson's opinion. Plessy's case made it to the US Supreme Court but in 1896 they ruled against him
Reconstruction Facts
The Freedmen's Bureau (1865) was in charge of relief and educational activities for refugees and freedmen. They were also in charge of confiscated lands to distribute to freedmen. Johnson ordered that the land be given back to the pardoned owners instead.
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Passed in 1865 and 1866 these Codes severely restricted the new-found freedoms of the formerly enslaved people, and it forced them to work for low or no wages.
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In early 1866, Congressional Republicans, appalled by mass killings took control of Reconstruction from President Johnson.
They denied representatives from the former Confederate states Congressional seats, passed the Civil Rights Act of 1866, and wrote the 14th Amendment
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Experiments
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They tested whether African-American children were "psychologically damaged by attending a segregated school.
They used 4 dolls, identical except for color, to test children's racial perceptions.
Children between the ages of 3 and 7, were asked questions about the dolls
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When they were then asked to, "show the doll that's most like you" some became 'emotionally upset at having to identify with the doll that they had rejected." Some even stormed out of the
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The Clarks concluded that "discrimination, and segregation' created a feeling of inferiority among African-American children and damaged
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Laws
Banned segregation on the grounds of race, religion or national origin in public places O
Courthouses, parks, restaurants, theaters, sports arenas and hotels. Barred race, religious, national origin and gender discrimination by employers and labor unions
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Authorized the office of Education (now the Department of Education) to assist with school desegregation Prohibited unequal voting requirements.
Loving Vs. Virginia
In 1963 Mildred Loving wrote a letter to U.S. Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy asking for assistance. Kennedy referred the Lovings to the American Civil Liberties Union, which agreed to take their case.
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When he refused, they took the case to the Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals, which also upheld the original ruling.
Following another appeal, the case made its way to the United States Supreme Court in April 1967.
The Supreme Court announced its ruling in Loving v. Virginia on June 12, 1967. In a unanimous decision, the justices found that Virginia's interracial marriage law violated the 14th Amendment to the Constitution.
The landmark ruling not only overturned the Lovings' 1958 criminal conviction, it also struck down laws
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Jim Crow laws were a collection of state and local statutes that legalized racial segregation. Named after a Black minstrel show character, the laws-which existed for about 100 years-were meant to marginalize African Americans after the Reconstruction Amendments.