1541 end of Franco-Hapsbueg alliance, Henry VIII agreed to mutually attack France with Charles V - however, Charles did not show up- leaving Henry isolated and illustrating his secondary role in European power play.

Marriage between Edward and mary- signed by Earl of Arran, but rejected by scottish parliament which led to the rough wooing- England diplomatically isolated once more- Auld alliance reinstates, legacy of considerable loathing following the rough wooing which ordered all villages within 7 miles of edinburgh to be burnt- resulted in 300 churches beingt burnt and several hundred killed

Henry had taken the reigns after expelling both Cromwell and Wolsey- had the significant desire to be the warrior king, but meant that he became overambnitious and impulsive in his military decisions.

debased coinage whihc led to economic turbulence and rampant inflation.

£300,000 spent on redoing the fortifications in Todleo in fear of an armada.

French counter attack, several ships reaching the solent- led to the sinking of the mary rose and 200 men killed in 1545.

Solway Moss, killed 20,000 troops and James V died of shame.

16 castles, 7 monastries and raids along the scottish border with Duke of hertford.

added 130,000 to war cost nightmare to maintain with no welll in the city

secured by setting up iof regency council that had a mix of individuals in 1546 - Paget, Robson and Somerset

Presence of paget evidences religious toleration and shows that there was actual involvement on Henry's behalf rather than an entirely proto-catholic regency council.

faction pressured henry to execute the duke of norfolk and catherine howard fter she coiuld no longer pretend to love him and resrted to affairs- but he actiually let Norfolk go free given his service to the crown and executed Howard.

Let Cranmer free despite radical cathilic factional argument, and made sure that parr was not arrested.

Earl of Surrey- Howard's son- claimed to be the heir to the throne and was executed

Scots had undertaken border raids after England signed an anglo-imperial alliance in 1542.

Francis I of France had encouraged the Duke of Suffolk to marry Henry's sister, mary, when he travelled to France to accompany her back to England- King's sister had married a non-royal withouit permission, nd could nmot be used in the marriage market.

HRE Charles V annulled planned marriage between him and mary, henry's daughter, as he no longer needed Englsih support in 1514

Failure to secure divorce following the sack of rome in 1527 and the Battle of landriano

Played around by Charles V- 1521 Treaty of Bruges coalition with the HRE, but England forced to send an army in 1523- costing £400,000 - and then later refused to attack the French in the Second french war in 1522.

Ultimate failure- Francis I and Charles V annual incomes were £350,000 and £560,000 rather than a mere £110,000

Peace of London 1518 - common goal against ottomans, made england arbiter of power until 1520, London centre of diplomatic affairs- Wolsey ingenuity.

Treaty of Cambrai in 1529 made without Henry's knowledge, undermined all previous treaties and securing peace between france and HRE- england no longer significant.

Field of cloth of Gold 1520 proved of no political importance and wasted a year's income- second french war two years later.

Failed to establish third fiddle because was foolish and played around by the two mainstream powers, the HRE, and France. 1518 treaty seemed successful, led to fiueld of cloth of gold, but was ultimately epheraml. Wolsey's decision to go with HRE- due to ascension of Charles V in the 1521 treeaty of bruges who then betrayed him, also lost the alliance of the French, resulting in an isolated scenarion and England ultimately vulnerable to the whim of the other two nations- evidenced in the Sack of Rome in 1527.

capture of Tourenne and Tournai- restored french pension and arranged marriage of mary to Louis on October 9th 1514

1527 Anglo french treaties of Westminster and Amiens to try and act as anti-imperial alliance against HRE- league of cognac in 1526 - in the war of league of cognac against Charles V.

Cromwell's attempts at trying to find alliuance following the Treaty of Toledo in 1539 which isolated england because France and Spain mutually agreed to not make further alliances with them.

Sent Hans Holbein to paint her- too generous- Henry called her the flanders mare.

Increasing possibility of a war between the Duke of Cleves and the HRE- which henry did notwant.

Henry's excommunication in 1538 meant people were fearful ogf a crusade.

not wholly sufficient because - he was given title of earl of sussex shortly after.

accussed cromwell of protecting a group of protestant extremists in Calais

Norfolk had spoken with king of france which had improved his relationship with henryt

Catherine Howard (19 year old) seen as marriage alternative- married her in July 1540- Norfolk's number one enemy was cromwell.