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GENDER BIAS - Coggle Diagram
GENDER BIAS
when one gender is treated less favourably than the other
scientifically misleading
upholds stereotypical assumptions
validates sex discrimination
NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES OF GB
ALPHA = sustains prejudices and stereotypes
BETA = draws attention away from the diffs in power between men and women
TAVRIS = judgements about an individual women's ability are made on the basis of average differences between the sexes or biased sex role stereotypes = lowers women's self esteem = feel like they have to improve themselves
ALPHA BIAS
when the difference between men and women are exaggerated
stereotypically characteristics emphasised
BETA BIAS
difference between men and women are minimised
eg when findings obtained from men are applied to women without additional validation
POSITIVE CONSEQUENCES OF GB
BETA BIAS = see men and women as the same = equal treatment in legal terms/ access eg education
ALPHA BIAS = some theorists (Gilligan) assert worth and valuation of feminine qualities
Gilligan proposed own theory of moral understanding = shows men and women are diff but no moral reasoning both are just diff
AO3
USE OF STANDARDISED PROCEDURES IN RESEARCH STUDIES
most experimental methodologies are based on the standardised treatment of participants = assumes men and women respond in the same ways to the experimental situation
men and women may respond diff to research situation or treated diff by researchers
= creates artificial differences or mask real ones
DISSEMINIATION OF RESEARCH RESULTS THROUGH ACADEMIC JOURNALS
publishing bias towards positive results
research fitting gender diffs more likely to be published vs those that do not = exaggerates extent of gender differences
EXAMPLES
BIOMEDICAL THEORIES OF ABNORMALITY
in women mental illnesses, like depression, are more likely to be explained in terms of neruochmical/ hormonal processes vs social or environmental facors eg domestic violoence
IMPLICATION = reinforces sterotypes
FREUD PSYCHOSEXUAL DEVELOPMENT
viewed 'biology as destiny'
women's roles prescribed predeterminded
androcentric eg electra complex - penise envy = women defined by the fact they are not men
IMPLICATIONS = reinforced stereotypes, treated deviations from traditional sex role behaviours as pathological (career ambition = penis envy)
REDUCING
develop theories to emphasise importance of wmen
eg Cornwell et all noted females to be better at learning as more organised and attentive
emphasising value and positive attributes of women
= helped reduce stereotypes = reduce bias
feminist approach = restore the imbalance in both psych research and theories
accepts bio diffs between males and females
early = females less effective leaders vs males = aims to develop training programmes aimed at increasing number of female leader in RW
ANDROCENTRISM
taking male thinking/behave as normal , regarding female as deviant and abnormal