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AFRICAN NATIONALISM, 1948-59 - Coggle Diagram
AFRICAN NATIONALISM, 1948-59
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ANC YOUTH LEAGUE (ANCYL)
New generation of leaders such as Nelson Mandela, Walter Sisulu.
Founders of the ANCYL felt that the ANC was dominated by conservative and older generation who couldn't relate to the youth.
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Called for civil misconduct, strikes, protests against apartheid laws, African awareness.
Basic policy formalised into a programme of action in 1949:
- Rejection of white domination
- Pro-African policy
- Pride in being African.
- Demand for mass and direct action to oppose apartheid.
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WOMEN'S PASS PROTEST, 1956
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Federation of South African Women (FSAW) - formed in 1954 by AA activists such as Helen Joseph - organised a significant women's protest movement to protest against women having to register for passes/carry pass books.
1956- 20,000 women marched on Pretoria with a petition bearing 100,000 signatures.
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BLACK SASH - White protest group which supported these protests, and opened advice centres for non-white Africans. It arranged bail for arrested women, built up a pool of lawyers to represent African women for minimal fees. This built up trust between White and Non-White Africans.
FREEDOM CHARTER
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- Gave an overview of the principles of the Congress alliance/movement.
- Gained international support for the cause.
- Called for SA to be fully democratic.
- Wanted fairer distribution of land and wealth.
- Committed the movement to a non-racial SA.
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RURAL RESISTANCE
Potato boycott, 1957-59: ANC-sponsored, caused by harsh working conditions. Farmers began to improve working conditions and the boycott was hailed a success.
Zeerust Uprising, 1957 - caused by imposition of passes for women living in the area. Local chief refused to enforce this measure, which resulted in widespread protest. Lots were arrested.
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