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CODIFYING AND IMPLEMENTING APARTHEID, 1948-59 - Coggle Diagram
CODIFYING AND IMPLEMENTING APARTHEID, 1948-59
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Apartheid Laws
- Population registration Act 1950 - Defined which race every SA belonged to.
- 1950 immorality Act - made sexual relations between different races illegal (prevented mixed race babies)
- 1950 Prohibition of mixed marriages act.
1953 Separate Amenities Act - petty apartheid, segregated public facilities such as transport or beaches.
Group Areas Act 1950 - segregated every town/city. Those living in the 'wrong' area were forcefully evicted (usually black/coloured people).
Native Laws Amendment Act 1952 - Strict influx control in towns, restrict those allowed into urban areas.
PASS LAWS AND EDUCATION
EDUCATION
Before NP victory:
- Education for Africans provided by church-run mission schools.
- Poor funding, insufficient resources - schools could no longer maintain their standards.
- Rise in African populations and urbanisation led to overcrowding.
- less than 33% of African children attended school.
1953 Bantu Education Act:
- All African schools now brought under state control instead of missionaries.
- Less money spent on black pupils (1953: 64 rands per white, 9 rands per black pupil)
Black kids had a different curriculum than white people. They were taught about white supremacy. They were taught a very basic curriculum - only the skills needed for cheap labour.
PASS LAWS
Abolition of Passes Act, 1952 - Extended the pass system to cover all black people in urban areas. The pass system was one of the most resented aspects of apartheid.
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POLITICAL SUPPRESSION AND THE TREASON TRIAL
Suppression of Communism Act 1950- (govt believed communism was behind the majority of AA movements). Banned SACP. The act could be used to imprison anyone for anything the authorities deemed subversive.
- 1953 Public Safety Act - allowed govt to call a state of emergency.
- 1953 Criminal Law Amendment Act - anyone accompanying a person found guilty would automatically be assumed guilty too.
- 1955/56 Censorship Acts - prevented critical reporting and critical material being imported to SA.
TREASON TRIAL, 1956-61
Authorities arrested 156 of those who were at the Kliptown meeting (where they made the freedom charter), and charged them with high treason. Those arraigned included the entire leadership of the ANC and other opposition groups.
1957 onwards - some defendants released for lack of evidence and indictments were withdrawn for 73 defendants.
1959 - Trial against remaining defendants begun. 1961 - the trial ended with the clearing of all defendants.