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Organisational culture and national culture - Coggle Diagram
Organisational culture and national culture
Research from
Laurent (1983)
found that national culture has a greater impact on employees than organisational culture
Garratt (2010)
believes that it is useful to be able to meausre how and why national cultural differences are impacting upon an organisation stating:
Having knowledge of the major national cultural dimensions on which your customers, strategic alliance partners, international suppliers, financiers and staff work makes for a more effective and efficient organisation
Hofstede (1980)
concluded that there were five major dimensions that exist within a national culture:
Power distance:
The extent to which power is distributed among different people and different hierarchical levels and the ability for individuals to challenge each other and the structure
Uncertainty avoidance
The extent to which people feel threatened by unusual situations and how they try to avoid them by living and working within the perceived rules
Individualism versus collectivism
The differing roles of individuals, families and network groups - recongising who looks after whom within the organisation context
Masculinity versus femininity
The differing perspectives of and beliefs about gender that exist within and between different national cultures
Confucian dynamism
Does the organisation and the society within which it is operating exhibit a pragmatic future oriented perspective that embraces change or does it hold to historic conventional perspectives?
Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner (1998)
concluded that people from different cultures vary in specific and predictable ways with each culture having its own thinking, values, beliefs and preferences. They summarised this by identifying seven different dimensions of cultural difference where they identified the dynamic that exists between different national cultures
Universalism vs particularism
: do I obey or can I interpret the rules?
Individualism vs communitarism
: what comes first, me or the group?
Specific vs diffuse
:do we work to live or do we live to work?
Neutral vs emotional:
am I allowed by others (and myself) to express my emotions?
Achievement vs ascription
: Do others value me or do they value the role that I am fulfilling?
Sequential vs sunchronous time:
How many things can I do at once?
Internal vs external:
am I in control of my own destiny?