= open-ended and dependent full-time work

= ended (temporary), dependent part time work and self-employed (full of partime) --> ewternal and internal forms of flexibility

1. Open ended part time as percent of the working populations vary between almost 0- 25 % (= increasing)

   
   

   --> mostly woman

   
   

2. fixed term contract (ended temorary part time) as percent of working age population vary between 0 - 16%

   
   

   --> mixed dynamics but further decrease

   
   

   --> employment protection legislation

   
   

3. self-employment as percentage of working population

   
   

   --> no clear pattern

1. insecure jobs
2. unsupportive entitlements
3. vulnerable employees
   
   

solution: reducing standardizaton --> increasing risk

WHAT IS WORK?

• identity
• mutual social relationships
• social stratification system

SOCIAL ORDER

• Durkheim: organic and mechanical solidarity
• Marx: capital
• Weber: inequality
  
  

Changes in social order?

• production systems
• employment systems

WELFARE

• collectivation of risks
• security

WORKFARE

• individualation of risks
• insecurity --> precarity

The pendulum: Polanyi's double movement

• security
• flexibility

• precariousness as actual and virtual process
• precariousness and the fields of power relationships
• regime of competitions

= to reduce perciousness we need to facilitate transitions in the labour market

• active security as functional equivalents to flexibility
• rewarding and ensuring risk-taking
  
  

shift: risk taking --> risk sharing (coordinated flexibility)

• enhancing internal flexibility through mutual obligations
• enahncing flexibility through risk sharing or pooling of human resources