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Childhood - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Compulsory school (1880s) - seperated from work
      - Child protection & welfare laws emphasised vulnerability & made welfare main concern
      - Laws banning child labour (1840s) - assests to liabilties
      - Childrens rights (Childrens Act 1989) -> parents have responsibilty instead of them having rights
      - Knowledge on childrens health stressed need of supervision and protection
      - Laws about social behaviour - minimum ages for activities
      - Lower death rates & smaller families meant that they could invest in their children
- - - - Better cared for
      - most babies survive (reduced infant mortality rate)
      - High living standards & smaller families mean parents can afford to provide for the child
      - protected by laws against child abuse / labour
    - - PALMER = technological & cultural changes damage development. (junk food, computer games, tests etc) - deprived of childhood.
        
        UK younth top of tables for self harm, obesity, pregnancy etc
        
        UNICEF - UK 21 out of 25 for kids well being
  - - - Ethnic differences = 'asian parents are strict'
      - Class inequalities = 'wc are bad at school'
      - Gender differences = 'girls do more homework'
    - - GITTENS argues that theres an age patriarchy of adult domination that keep children subordinate. eg adults have control over childrens time, space & bodies (when they go to sleep / what they wear). Adults make kids dependant on them (work laws) -> this control leads to abuse.
      - Resistance - children may resist the status of 'child' by acting older (smoking). Modern childhood is a status that they want to escape.
    - - Seeing childhood as socially constructed by processes like industrialisation means we risk seeing children as passive objects / 'socialisation projects'.
      - Active Agents -> instead, the new sociology seems them as an important part in their own childhood. SMART found that childrens of divorce tried to make situations better.
      - Multiple Childhoods - explores diverse childhoods that exist in society by taking childs view point. Draws attention to the fact that children often lack power in relation to adults
- - - - BENEDICT argues that children in simpler, non-industrial societies are treated differently from modern western kids:
        
        they have more responsibility at home / work
        
        less value is placed on obedience to adult authority
        
        childrens sexual behaviour is often viewed differently
    - - children are seen as special, childhood = innocent
      - different to adults, physically immature, can't run their lives
      - they need to be protected / nurtured / socialised
      - childhood is a distinct stage of life. PILCHER says the key of modern childhood is SEPERATEDNESS