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New Consensus, 87-97: Foreign affairs - Coggle Diagram
New Consensus, 87-97: Foreign affairs
Relations with Europe
1992, Britain withdraws form ERM: Due to Black Wednesday
1992, Maastricht Treat: set up a new structure to deal with the expansion of the EU + set up conditions for a single European currency to come in 1999.
1990, Britain enters ERM: Thatcher wnated to combat high inflation
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1988, Thatcher's Bruges speech: Thatcher said she wanted ro emphases that theEEC was a trade associated and she opposed it being a close political union. This caused other European leaders to doubt Britain's commitment.
1986, Single European Act: signed by Thatcher.
After the collapse of communism, Thatcher wanted to expand the EEC to include new Eastern European states to extend free trade and ensure communism was fully defeated.
End of Cold War
Reagan + Thatcher's willingness to negotiate with Gorbachev allowed the Cold War to come to a peaceful end.
Thatcher opposed West and East Germany joining, in fear of them dominating Europe.
1989, Fall of the Berlin Wall
1991, USSR officially dissolved
1989, Gorbachev and Bush announce the end of the Cold War.
Balkans
1992, Major held a Eu and UN conference in London and a UN peaefore was put in place. Major was praised for his quick actions.
1995, Srebrenica massacre: Bosnian Serb forces entered srebrenica, killing more than 7,000 Bosnian men and boys. The UN peacekeepers had order to to intervened- sowing the failures of EU diplomacy and UN peacekeeping.
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1991, Yugoslavia began to break up when Slovenia declared independence.
The US were initially reluctant to intervene but after the 1995 massacre and perusauon by Major the US and NATO provided troops.
Peace treaty signed 1995, guaranteeing Bosnian independence.
Major + Europe
1992, Maastricht Treaty: gave eurosceptics and opportunity to voice concerns of the EU.
1993, Maastricht rebels: Rebel MPs, such as Ian Duncan Smith, blocked Mjaor's attempt to get Palrimant to ratify the treaty - major won the vote by threatening a vote ono confidence with chase led to another general election. This damaged Major's authority, making him seem weak.
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Major negotiated for Britain to opt out of the social chapter which aimed to regulate working conditions, employment right and maximum working hours - the conservative supposed this as they favoured deregulation.
Conservative divisions over Europe: Eurosceptics became increasingly more vocal and influential, including John Redwood and Ian Duncan Smith.