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THE SECOND SPANISH REPUBLIC - Coggle Diagram
THE SECOND SPANISH REPUBLIC
PROCLAMATION AND CONSTITUTION
provisional republican government undertook urgent reforms established at the Pact of San Sebastián
freedom of worship and secularisation measures
an agreement to draw up a statute of autonomy in Cataluña
improvements in working conditions and the hiring of day labourers
modernisation of the army and total submission to civil power.
Elections to Cortes Constituyentes were called in order to draft the Constitution of 1931
constitutional principles.
Social rule of law. Spain declared itself a ‘Republic of workers from all classes’.
Universal suffrage starting from the age of 23.
Extensive declaration of rights and freedoms.
Division of powers. Legislative power was in the hands of a single-chamber Cortes.
Right of the regions to establish statutes of autonomy. This happened for the first time in Spain’s history.
Separation between the Church and the state.
THE REFORMIST BIENNIUM (1931–1933)
republicans and socialists formed a coalition government
was the most stable government of the Second Republic
undertook the main reforms
set out in the Constitution
The Statute of Autonomy of Cataluña. It was approved by the Cortes in 1932, alongside the reestablishment of an autonomous government, the Generalitat, which had been abolished
Army. Active military officers had to swear allegiance to the Republic.
Agricultural reform. Land was redistributed, particularly in areas with large landowners.
Education. This was one of the Republic’s priorities.
Religion. The separation between Church and state was addressed to establish a secular society.
Social reforms. There was intensive social legislation to improve working conditions, wages and social security for the working class.
MANUEL AZAÑA (1880–1940)
one of the most important Spanish politicians of the Second Republic
THE BLACK BIENNIUM (1933–1936)
rejection of the Azaña government’s reforms by broad conservative sectors of society
led to the founding of the Spanish Confederation of Autonomous Rights (CEDA) in 1933
was made up of Catholic groups
declared their sympathies with the fascist model
the anarchists’ demands did not cease and a violent climate of opposition
culminated in the Casas Viejas Incidents
village of Casas Viejas (Cádiz)
Civil Guard and Guardia de Asalto brutally suppressed an anarchist uprising
kill many people
josé Antonio Primo de Rivera, son of the dictator Primo de Rivera, founded the Falange Española in 1933
