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SPAIN: THE REIGN OF ALFONSO XIII AND THE CRISIS OF THE RESTORATION, image,…
SPAIN: THE REIGN OF ALFONSO XIII AND THE CRISIS OF THE RESTORATION
THE REGENERATIONIST RESTORATION AND THE CRISIS OF 1917
Antonio Maura’s conservative governments
they passed an electoral law that made voting compulsory to try to prevent caciquismo
The right to passed an electoral law that made voting compulsory to try to prevent caciquismo were algo approved
José Canalejas’s liberal government
The tax on essential items was abolished
compulsory military service was introduced
a law known as the ley del candado was passed
the Spanish protectorate of Morocco was established in 1912.
a series of confrontations took place in Barcelona during Tragic Week
In 1910
The National Confederation of Labour (CNT) trade union was founded
In 1921
the PSOE split, leading to the creation of the Communist Party of Spain
The crisis of 1917
Social crisis
The aim was to end the political system of the Restoration
Military crisis
The government, led by Eduardo Dato, was very weak
Political crisis
the government had suspended the Cortes and constitutional rights
The workers, influenced by the Russian Revolution, intensified their struggle in the Bolshevik Triennium
He encouraged pistolerismo by applying the ley de fugas against the workers
Spain’s defeat at the Battle of Annual
with many human and material losses
THE PRIMO DE RIVERA DICTATORSHIP
In 1923
a dictatorship was established under General Primo de Rivera
The dictatorship was an authoritarian response
Primo de Rivera took power by launching a military coup d’état
He promised to restore public order, end the war in Morocco and combat corruption
two types of government
The military directorate
The dictator was advised by the military
with the help of the French, Primo de Rivera achieved military domination in the Moroccan protectorat
The civil directorate
Primo de Rivera tried to institutionalise his authoritarian corporatist regime
the Patriotic Union, inspired by Mussolini’s National Fascist Party, was imposed
Republican opposition to the dictatorship began to form in 1928
rade unions and intellectuals were gradually joined by other segments of society
The republican, socialist and nationalist opposition unified its demands in the Pact of San Sebastián
SOCIETY AND THE ECONOMY
Spain continued with patterns of slow industrial
with state intervention and economic nationalism
The public works policy modernised infrastructures and created employment
This source of funding ended during the Great Depression
There were huge social inequalities
Almost half of the rural population lived below the poverty line
