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THE SECOND SPANISH REPUBLIC - Coggle Diagram
THE SECOND SPANISH REPUBLIC
PROCLAMATION AND CONSTITUTION
The provisional republican government undertook urgent reforms established at the Pact of San Sebastián:
An agreement to draw up a statute of autonomy in Cataluña
Modernisation of the army and total submission to civil power.
Freedom of worship and secularisation measures
Improvements in working conditions and the hiring of day labourers
DIFFICULT RELATIONS WITH THE CHURCHDIFFICULT RELATIONS WITH THE CHURCH
Shortly after the Republic was proclaimed, false rumours about clergy conspiracies against the republic spread among republican opinion.
Elections to Cortes Constituyentes were called in order to draft the Constitution of 1931.
Extensive declaration of rights and freedoms. Civil rights which had previously been non-existent were recognised, such as divorce, civil marriage and equal rights for legitimate and illegitimate children
Division of powers. Legislative power was in the hands of a single-chamber Cortes.
Universal suffrage starting from the age of 23. After a long debate in the Cortes, Spanish women’s right to vote was recognised.
Right of the regions to establish statutes of autonomy. This happened for the first time in Spain’s history.
Social rule of law. Spain declared itself a ‘Republic of workers from all classes’.
Separation between the Church and the state.
The Cortes selected Niceto Alcalá-Zamora as the first president of the new Republic and Manuel Azaña as prime minister.
JUNE 1931 ELECTIONS
THE REFORMIST BIENNIUM (1931–1933)
During this first period, republicans and socialists formed a coalition government under Prime Minister Manuel Azaña.
Education. This was one of the Republic’s priorities.
Religion. The separation between Church and state was addressed to establish a secular society.
Agricultural reform. Land was redistributed, particularly in areas with large landowners. The aim was to provide day labourers and poor peasants with land.
Social reforms. There was intensive social legislation to improve working conditions, wages and social security for the working class
Army. Active military officers had to swear allegiance to the Republic. A police force called the Guardia de Asalto was created to maintain public order.
SANJURJO’S COUP D’ÉTAT
In 1932, General José Sanjurjo staged a coup d’état, the Sanjurjada, which was suppressed by the government.
The Statute of Autonomy of Cataluña. It was approved by the Cortes in 1932, alongside the reestablishment of an autonomous government, the Generalitat, which had been abolished in 1714.
MANUEL AZAÑA (1880–1940)
THE BLACK BIENNIUM (1933–1936)
The rejection of the Azaña government’s reforms by broad conservative sectors of society led to the founding of the Spanish Confederation of Autonomous Rights (CEDA) in 1933.
NOVEMBER 1933 ELECTIONS
THE CASAS VIEJAS INCIDENTS
In January 1933, in the village of Casas Viejas (Cádiz), the Civil Guard and Guardia de Asalto brutally suppressed an anarchist uprising, killing many people.
At the same time, José Antonio Primo de Rivera, son of the dictator Primo de Rivera, founded the Falange Española in 1933.
In the October Revolution of 1934, insurgents took towns and mining areas in Asturias. In Cataluña, Catalan nationalists took advantage of the general strike to establish an autonomous federal government.
VICTORY OF THE POPULAR FRONT (1936)
In February 1936 the conservatives tried to form a coalition, the National Front.
The search for an agreement for an alliance between republicans and socialists to win the elections, led to the constitution of the Popular Front.
His basic programme consisted of reintroducing the reforms put in place between 1931 and 1933, repealing the most conservative laws from the previous biennium.
Reintroduction of the Agricultural Reform of 1932, which had been abolished by the Radical-CEDA government.
Restoration of Catalan autonomy and its autonomous institutions, with Lluís Companys as president.
Amnesty for political prisoners, especially those imprisoned during the strikes in 1934.
Strengthening the educational, social and religious reforms that began during the reformist biennium.
FEBRUARY 1936 ELECTIONS
