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is psychology a science? - Coggle Diagram
is psychology a science?
AO1
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BEHAVIOURISM- view suggests that science + scientific research should only be interested in that which can be observed and measured
KEY FEATURES OF SCIENCE: objectivity, falsifiable, paradigm, replicability
KUHN- criticises behaviourist approach stating that scientific research has social and subjective aspects
POPPER- questions 'law like generalisations' stating that something that has been true in the past does not mean it will always be true in the future
validity
internal- validity of research within context it is carried out and extent of potential extraneous variables
external- refers to extent to which research is valid outside of experimental situation- ecological validity
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evaluation
it is a science
some theoretical approaches in psychology successful in achieving goals of: prediction, understanding and control
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cognitive
least
difficult to measure cog functions e.g. central executive. cannot see/ measure a thought. schemata are individual. CSBDP- unique, difficult to replicate + generalise
most
cog neuro- brain areas, scans, localisation of function. dementia and dyslexia. HM, shmolck, lab expts- baddeley
learning
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most
behaviour only (operationalise, observable, measurable, empirical data); operant conditioning; classical conditioning (reflexes); lab expts- humans and animals
biological
most
twin and adoption studies; brain scans (raine); animal research; lab expts; genes, chromosomes, hormones, NTs
least
scans often require second interpretation; difficult to generalise animals to humans; some research is correlational- cause and effect?
crim
most
EWT- lab expts- loftus and palmer, bio exps, raine, bio treatments
least
JDM+EWT (Y+C); labelling and SFP; defs of crim; SLT; psychological formulation; cognitive interview; anger management
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clinical
most
medical model (genetics); diagnosis and classification (ICD + DSM); bio exp of SZ and D; bio treatment of SZ + D; carlsson; kroenke; animal research
least
cultural factors in diagnosis, 4Ds; EBH/ social causation; cog exp of SZ + D; clinical interviews (vallentine); case studies (lavarenne); rosenhan