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ATYPICAL SEX CHROMOSOME PATTERNS - Coggle Diagram
ATYPICAL SEX CHROMOSOME PATTERNS
Klinefelter's Syndrome
males with this condition have small testes that produce insufficient amounts of testosterone before birth and during puberty
results in normal male sexual charactersitics not developing fully
extra X chromosome (XXY)
physical effects
: broader hips, develop breast tissue, low muscularity, long legs and arms in ratio to their torso
genetic condition which affects 1 in every 750 males
psychological effects
: poor language skill, attention problems, risk of anxiety disorders
KS is not inherited, it occurs due to a error in cell division
research support
Delisi et al 2005 - subjected 11 KS ppts and 11 non KS to a psychiatric interview, cognitive tests and an MRI scan
10/11 of the KS males had psychiatric disturbance
support for the relationship between atypical sex chromosome patters and brain development
KS males had smaller frontal lobes and temporal lobes which might explain the language deficits noted in the KS ppts
this suggests a biological basis to the problems experienced by KS males
Turner's Syndrome
the second chromosome is either missing or incomplete
physical effects:
short stature, short neck, broad chest
genetic condition that affects 1 in every 2200 females
the main deficiency is non functioning ovaries, which results in girls with TS not developing breasts during puberty, not having periods and being infertile
psychological problems
: potential social adjustment due to physical appearance (eg bullying), minor learning difficulties
research support
this suggests that TS effects growth of certain brain areas
Brown et al 2002 performed MRI scans of 26 girls with TS and 26 non TS girls, findings that girls with TS had smaller posterior cerebral and cerebellar brain areas
socially sensitive
this can be regarded as socially sensitive area, as such diagnosis may incur a demand for or bring pressure upon prospective parents to ask for an abortion
both KS and TS can be diagnosed prenatally based on cytogenetic analysis of a foetus