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CONFLICT RESOLUTION IN COLD WAR - Coggle Diagram
CONFLICT RESOLUTION IN COLD WAR
ETHIOPIA
EVENTS
1987 - Mengistu established People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia after years of Civil War
USSR funding declined in late 1980s
Mengistu fled during when present-day Eritreans had civil war and USSR funding dried up in 1991
CONCLUSIONS
US funded (Marxist) Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Front that took over in 1991 - DEPARTURE FROM DICTATING ANTI-COMMUNISM
Mengistu couldn't maintain regime without USSR funding
CUBA
EFFECTS OF COLLAPSE OF USSR
removed main source of Cuban funds
Cuba lost main source of resources, lacked its own natural ones
CONCLUSIONS
Cuba had to diversify trading partners
Cuba had to open itself up to tourism
Cuba had to reduce military and economic aid to revolutionary movements e.g. Angola and Ethiopia
NICARAGUA
EVENTS
Civil war until 1990,when the Contras agreed a ceasefire with the Sandinistas due to US reduced funding
1990 election won by US-backed Violeta Chamorro in 14-party alliance - joint aim to end the civil war
CONCLUSIONS
Ended in peaceful resolution but US still meddling
economy and infrastructure still ravaged by 10-year civil war
EL SALVADOR
EVENTS
1984 elections - Duarte (US-backed) won but FMLN continued resisting with USSR/Cuban funding
Reagan and Bush backed the govt to prevent spread of Communism but outrage after military officers that committed atrocities were released with 1987 Amnesty Law
Civil war continued until 1992 when US pressured the govt into signing a peace treaty
CONCLUSIONS
Elections in 1994
Initial anti-Communism dropped in favour of peace
AFGHANISTAN
EVENTS
Civil war continued with PDPA supported by USSR, nationalists by US and China
USSR withdrawal announced in 1985
Withdrawal began May 1988, completed by Feb 1989
Geneva Accords 1988 - protocols signed between Pakistan and Afghanistan with US and USSR as guarantors
CONCLUSIONS
Removed major point of tension between US and USSR
Removed $8bn a year cost from USSR
Gorbachev saw Afghanistan as
ANGOLA
EVENTS
Gorbachev wanted to cut aid to MPLA to improve US relations but US still supplying UNITA so obliged to continue
USSR sent $1bn to MPLA in 1986, Cuba sent 10k troops
US-USSR mediated resolution 1988 - Cuban and S.A. troops withdrawal, ceasefire
1988 resolution = significant resolution of tensions
Joint mediation = lack of power jostling