THE SECOND SPANISH REPUBLIC
PROCLAMATION AND CONSTITUTION
Declared on 14 April 1931
A new regime was established
The provisional republican government
Undertook reforms established at
The Pact of San Sebastián
Improvements in working conditions
Hiring of day labourers
Freedom of worship
Secularisation measures
Agreement to draw up
A statute of autonomy in Cataluña
Modernisation of the army
Total submission to civil power
The Church
The clergy received
The Republic with distrust
The regime’s secular ideas
Harmed the Catholic Church
Previously enjoyed
A very advantageous concordat
Social influence
Guaranteed the confessional nature
Of the Restoration regime
Important role in education
Constitution of 1931
Social rule of law
Spain declared itself
Republic of workers from all classes
Universal suffrage starting from the age of 23
Spanish women’s right to vote
Was recognised
Extensive declaration of rights and freedoms
Civil rights were recognised
Divorce
Civil marriage
Equal rights for
Legitimate children
Illegitimate children
The right to free and secular
Public education
Division of powers
Legislative power
A single-chamber Cortes
Executive power
A mainly representative
Head of state
President of the Republic
A head of government
With genuine powers
Law courts
Judicial power
Right of the regions to establish statutes of autonomy
Separation between the Church and the state
The Cortes selected
Niceto Alcalá-Zamora
As the first president
Manuel Azaña
As prime minister
THE REFORMIST BIENNIUM (1931–1933)
Spanish Confederation of Autonomous Rights
Catholic groups
Declared their sympathies
With the fascist model
The Casas Viejas Incidents
The Civil Guard and Guardia de Asalto
Brutally suppressed
An anarchist uprising
Killing many people
Led to the fall of
Manuel Azaña’s government
The Radical Party took power
Led by Alejandro Lerroux
CEDA had received most votes
José María Gil Robles
Became the arbiter
The Falange Española
Was founded by
José Antonio Primo de Rivera
A minority fascist party
That began a violent campaign
October Revolution of 1934
In Asturias
Insurgents took
Towns and mining areas
In Cataluña
Catalan nationalists
Established an autonomous federal government
In the rest of Spain
The general strike failed
The army
Repressed the revolutionaries
VICTORY OF THE POPULAR FRONT (1936)
The National Front
A coalition
Formed by the conservatives
The Popular Front
The search for an agreement
For an alliance between
Republicans and socialists
To win the elections
Won the elections
Manuel Azaña
Was appointed president
Basic programme
Reintroducing the reforms
Amnesty for political prisoners
Those imprisoned during the strikes
Reintroduction of the Agricultural Reform
Had been abolished
By the Radical-CEDA government
Restoration of Catalan autonomy
Its autonomous institutions
Lluís Companys as president
Strengthening the educational, social and religious reforms
Disorder and violence
Spread throughout Spain
Members of the military and far-right organisations
Opposed to the Popular Front’s reforms
Supported by landowners and the economic oligarchy
Took advantage of the atmosphere
Started conspiring
To create a climate
Lead to a coup d’état
