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CARBS, ORGANELLES, DNA, LIPIDS, AA AND PROTEIN - Coggle Diagram

- - - - 1,4GB
    - - 1,4GB
  - - - plant storage molecule
      - alpha 1,4GB+1,6GB --> branching
      - e.g. rice (amylose+amylopectin) --> more amylopectin --> more 1,6GB --> more branched --> digest faster
    - - animal storage molecule
      - 1,4GB+MANY 1,6GB --> highly branched --> rapidly breaks down to glucose
    - - in plants, provide structural integrity, enclose plant cells
      - beta 1,4GB --> tough --> not digestible for mammals except ruminants
    - - beta 1,4GB --> highly resistant to enzymatic digestion
      - when embedded in proteins --> form tough layer (e.g. insect and arthropod exoskeleton, fungal cell wall)
- - - - unsaturated
        
        has dbl bond --> induce kinks --> not tightly packed --> not much can be stored and absorbed in cells --> healthier (e.g. olive oil)
        
        cis dbl bond
        
        H atom on same side of carbon chain --> close proximity --> e- repulsion --> induce kink
        
        trans dbl bond
        
        H atom on opp side of carbon chain --> separation --> lesser e- repulsion --> more linear, tighter packaging
        
        cons: bond not easily recognised by enzymes --> harder to metabolise
      - saturated
        
        no dbl bond --> linear --> tightly packed --> easy to absorb and store in cells --> unhealthy (e.g. butter)