Y8 History Revision
WW1
Interwar Black History
Women’s Rights
WW2
Causes of WW1
Treaty of Versailles
Bosnian Crisis
In 1908 Austria-Hungary annexes Bosnia due to unrest in the Balkans. This a problem as many Bosnians want to join Serbia. Serbia threatens to declare war and Russia supports them but Britain and France say no. Russia says that if something happens again they will support Serbia.
Militarism (Navy)
European countries build up their militaries to show off their strength. Pride turned to fear since everyone was very powerful now. An example of this is the Anglo-German naval race where in 1906 Britain developed the dreadnought and Germany was jealous so both made more and more boats leaving Britain with 27 dreadnoughts and Germany with 17.
Growing Nationalism
During the 1800s there was a growth n nationalism. Countries like Germany and Italy had only been formed after 1860. This made everyone want to show that they are the best causing increased hostility and more will to go to war for national interests.
The Alliance System
Europeans had a lot of wars and shifting alliances. The Triple Alliance (made in 1882) and Triple Entente (1907) were the two biggest. This meant a small conflict was likely to start a large war.
Imperialism and Empires
In the late 1800s the Scramble for Africa happened in a period of Imperialism. Africa was just another area where tensions grew between European powers.
German and French hatred
The Franco-Prussian War was fought in 1870-1871. Germany would obliterate Napoleon and the Third Republic and the unify taking Alsace-Lorraine. The French started revengism.
Timeline
Franz Ferdinand is assassinated on the 28th June 1914. Austria finds out that Serbia supported the Black hand terrorists.
Austria sends an ultimatum to Serbia: Take full responsibility for the assassination, ban the Black Hand and other anti Austrian groups, allow Austrian police into Serbia to enforce this ban. They had 48 hours to accept.
The Serbians accept everything but allowing police into Serbia.
On the 5th of July Austria-Hungary asks Germany if they will support the war and they say yes.
When the refusal happens Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia on the 28th of July and bombs Belgrade.
When the Tsar finds out he immediately mobilises his army.
Two days after the bombing of Belgrade Kaiser Wilhelm II asks Tsar Nicholas II to stay out of the mess in Serbia.
The Tsar responds by declaring war on the 1st of August. This means that Britain and France have to get involved.
The Kaiser asks Belgium if they can pass through their country. They say no.
Despite saying no Germany declares war on Belgium on the third of August.
Britain had a VERY long standing agreement to protect Belgium. They send a letter to the Kaiser to stop. He ignores them and Britain declares war at 11pm on the 4th August.
Austria-Hungary
Germany
Split up into Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia
Had to give away 13% of land(Czechoslovakia and Poland), had to take full blame, had to pay 6.6 billion to Britain, France and Belgium and had there army reduced to 100,000 troops and 6 warships.
France, Britain, Belgium and the USA
They won I guess
The USA joined because of the telegram to Mexico, not because of the Lusitania
How were women treated
What did they do about it
A wife was her husband’s possession
A woman wasn’t supposed to be independent and powerful
Women could vote only in local elections - they were only starting to get rights
Women had to live with their husbands
Women couldn’t serve on jury
Women were paid less for the same job as a man
A women couldn’t sue anyone, her husband could do it for her
A woman couldn’t divorce her husband (unless he was a criminal)
If a woman divorced she could not keep the house, children or any money
A man could __ his wife
NUWSS (National Union of Women’s Suffrage Societies)
WSPU (Women’s Social and Political Union)
Led by the Millicent Fawcett
Marches, petitions, writing articles. (Being nice like their supposed to)
Led by Emmeline Pankhurst
Exploding George Lloyds house, disrupting political meetings, chained themselves to railings on downing street, pelted politicians with eggs and flour, smashed parliament’s windows with stones, burned buildings such as churches and train stations and poured acid into golf courses. Also they went on hunger strike in prison.
British Facism
What did Hitler want
Causes of WW2
The British Union of Fascists led by Oswald Mosley led rallies and public demonstrations and at the peak there were 50000 of them. Then they got beaten up in East London by anti fascists and were made illegal during the war.
Abolish the Treaty of Versailles
Rebuild the German army
Expand territory (the 13% Germany lost plus the Soviet Union)
Defeat the COmmunists
How does this make war more likely?
How does this make war more likely?
How does this make war more likely?
How does this make war more likely?
It would be an insult to the Big Three (Britain, France and the USA) and Germany would stop paying reparations which could drive any of them close to or even into waging war.
This also insults the big three and it gives Hitler the chance to be aggressive which could start a war.
To gain land you need to start a war.
If you want to destroy the COmmunists you have attack the COmmunists which means war.
Nazi-Soviet Pact
Appeasement
Hitlers actions
How important?
How important?
How important?
The Nazi-Soviet Pact may have been the most important cause of WW2 because it was the thing that allowed Hitler to take Poland and get France and Britain into the war.
The policy of appeasement may have been the most important cause of WW2 because if Hitler had been stopped during the remilitarisation of the Rhineland or during Anschluss WW2 would have never happened.
Hitler’s actions may have been the most important cause of WW2 because by ignoring West Europe he managed to make an army and stop paying debt to other countries causing him to be able to take other countries.
How were Black people treated
How did people campaign
They were beaten, hunted by gangs hundreds strong
Una Mason
She was the first black woman on the BBC and published poems addressing racial inequality in Britain
Learie Constantine
A prominent cricketer who was denied entry into a hotel because he was was black so he challenged the hotel in court to go on to cause The Race Relations Act of 1965.
The WASU
The West African Students Union created a forum to discuss and campaign in demonstrations against colonialism and racial oppression.