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Unit two: Theme one - Coggle Diagram
Unit two: Theme one
Discuss the physical development of the young child from the neonatal to the preschool child
Starts immediately after birth and lasts up until about two to four weeks old.
Several physical changes happen for the neonate to adjust to being outside their mothers stomach. They are completely reliant on their mother. Main objective here is to develop an eating and sleeping pattern or routine.
Average mass is between 2.5kg and 4.5kg,with 3 - 3.55kg being most common.
The average lenght of the baby 45cm to 56 cm. One needs to take note that the proportions of the baby is different to that of an adult
The head takes up roughly 1/4 of the body, but with adults it is just 1/8.
Neck muscles aren't strong enough for the baby to hold it up on their own. Arms and legs are very small compared to rest of body, with super tiny hands and feet.
Babies heart rate 130to150 bpm. Respiration system starts after birth. They can get brain damage if they don't start breathing after 5 minutes.
Digestive system is complete at birth. They have no control of their bowls at this point
Identify the factors that influence physical development
Genetic factors: This is mainly about body size and appearance
Nutrition factors: They need to have a balanced diet to help with forming of bone structure and healthy body.
This also contributes to their intelectual development
Health: Good health and the absence of disease conditions are prerequisite for the normal physical development
Affection and stimulation: Loving affection and stimulation from caregivers
Culture: Children are affected by how they define themselves and how others define them.
Socioeconomic: The effect their social environment might have on the child
Differentiate between gross and fine motor development
Fine motor: Primary motor area of the cortex which is loacted in the frontal lobe of the brain This is the finer movements of the muscles of the body. this is the muscle group involved in more delicately coordinated movements.
Briefly discuss perceptual-motor skills
This has to do with the child's interaction with their environment. The sensory stimuli must be integrated with already existing data to form specific perception.
Senses play a primary role in the outcome of the different perceptual modalities.
Perception is only possible through sense.
Visual: Brain's ability to make contact with the world through vision
Visual discrimination: Brain's ability to distinguish between similarities and differences through the eyes.
Comprehension
classification
differentiation.
Visual memory: Brain's ability to remember what the eyes have seen
Visual comprehension: Brains ability to form concepts after the eyes have seen something. Helps learn abstract thinking, problem solving and drawing conclusions
Shape recognition: Ability to distinguish between shapes and symbols, irrespective of size and position s