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06 SPAIN: THE REIGN OF ALFONSO XIII AND THE CRISIS OF THE RESTORATION -…
06 SPAIN: THE REIGN OF ALFONSO XIII AND THE CRISIS OF THE RESTORATION
The primo de rivera dictatorship
In 1923
dictatorship was established under General Primo de Rivera
dictatorship was an authoritarian response
to the political demands of workers and intellectuals
new regime led to the establishment of a dictatorial power in which political freedoms and rights were suspended
society was reorganised following the corporatist model imposed in Italy by Mussolini.
Primo de Rivera took power by launching a military coup d’état
promised to restore public order, end the war in Morocco and combat corruption
king accepted Primo de Rivera’s promises and appointed him prime minister
new dictator immediately suspended the Constitution (dissolved Parliament ,banned political parties and trade unions)
two types of government
The civil directorate (1925–1930)
Primo de Rivera tried to institutionalise his authoritarian corporatist regime
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Parliament was replaced by a National Consultative Assembly and a single party
Patriotic Union, inspired by Mussolini’s National Fascist Party, was imposed
The military directorate (1923–1925)
dictator was advised by the military
with the help of the French, Primo de Rivera achieved
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In the medium term
dictatorship did not solve Spain’s economic,social and political problems
quite popular amongst the wealthy upper and middle classes and the military
because of its civil engineering projects and employment policies.
accumulated huge debts, and economic problems
made worse by the crisis of 1929.
1928 Republican opposition to the dictatorship
Left-wing parties, trade unions and intellectuals were gradually joined by other segments of society
Primo de Rivera began to lose support
even from the army and the king= forced to resign in January 1930
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(1929) Regimes propaganda
Spain held an International Exhibition in Barcelona and an Ibero-American Exhibition in Sevilla
Primo de Rivera used these events as propaganda
(a symbol of the dictatorship’s economic achievements)