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PROCHASKA'S SIX STAGE MODEL - Coggle Diagram
PROCHASKA'S SIX STAGE MODEL
overview
change occurred through a subtle and often complex progression
emphasises the gradual nature of change, occurs through a fixed series of six discrete stages
recognised that overcoming addiction was rarely the result of one single decision to change
individuals move through these stages in order, but may, on occasion, relapse and revert to an earlier stage before repeating the cycle again
the six stages of change
stage 3. preparation
- action is taken in the form of planning and preparation, small behavioural changes
'i am changing next month so i need to plan how i will do it'
stage 6. termination
- no longer tempted to revert to the former behaviour and is completely confident that they are able to maintain the change - relapse cannot occur
'i will never do it again'
stage 2. contemplation
- show an awareness, have not yet made a commitment to do anything about it, do not act on it
'i will change tomorrow'
stage 4. action
- plan is put into action, the person actually makes a change in their behaviour. relapse can occur in this stage
'i have stopped'
stage 1. pre contemplation
- unaware that their behaviour is unhealthy and becoming problematic, do not have an intention to change their behaviour -
'i am ok right now'
stage 5. maintenance
- consolidate the gains attained during the previous stage to prevent relapse. maintenance strategies are employed, relapse can still occur
'i have still stopped'
research support
there was also no demographic differences in success (gender, age) suggesting that it suits all groups
however that success was dependent on the smoking habits (eg frequency) of the individual
velicer et al 2007 conducted a meta analysis of 5 studies and found that there was a 22-26% success rate - smoking cessation
weakness
baumann et al 2015 randomly allocated problem drinkers, to either an experimental group, who received an intervention tailored to their motivational stage or a control group, who received minimal intervention only
found no significant difference in beneficial effects between the staged intervention group and the control group
research challenges the effectiveness of the model
the advantages of Prochaska's model may have been overstated
social norms
eg Arab smokers - 62% in pre contemplation, 14% in preparation stage
daoud et al 2015 - found that in arab cultures, cigarettes are distributed during social events such as weddings - making it more difficult to quit
uk smokers 40% in pre contemplation, 20% in preparation stage
social norms and pressures that limit the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions
fails to acknowledge the importance of social norms in changing behaviour