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GENDER- SLT aplied to gender development - Coggle Diagram
GENDER- SLT aplied to gender development
SLT applied to gender development
SLT-
cognitive and behavioural theory that behaviour is developed from experience. through socialisation children learn cukturally appropriate gendered behaviours by observing others behaviour and how theyre rewarded
children have vicarious reinforcement when others are rewarded for sex appropriate behaviour or they could be rewarded directly. differential reinfircement is when children are praised for different behaviours lie how boys are often praised for being competitive but girls are praised for playing quietly
role models are same sex older siblings or parents (live models) and tv characters (symbolic models) who are more liely to be identified and imitated if similar like age
mediational processes of attention, retention, reproduction and motivation need to be present for imitation of gendered behaviour to be possible
research evaluations of SLT
POSITIVE- Smith and Lloyds study where they asked mothers to play with a strangers baby. looked at closer in the sex role sterotyped mindmap. suggests differential reinforcement is used by adukts based on their stereptypes of appropriate gendered behaviour from infancy
POSITIVE- Rust measured gender role behaviour in over 2000 children with an older sibling and 3000 children who dint have an older sibling. it was found that children with an older brother were more likelt to show mac behaviour and vice versa. supports the SLT for gender development. older siblings are likely to be accessible role models which suggests that even if theyre the opposite sex then there will be some identification and imitation of gendered behaviour
the influence of culture and media on gender roles
gender normative stereotypes with a culture are reinforced by peers, teachers and parents and the cultural variation in gendered behaviours between cultures suggest SLT processes.
gender normative roles are displayed as "attractive" and rewarding in the media, this makes identificaton more likely. Media personalities act as symbolic models. the media tends to reinforce the culturally stereotypical gender roles of the culture that created it.
research evaluations
POSITIVE- Meads study into tribes in New Ginea (discussed in more detail
https://coggle.it/diagram/ZHOF8BvU4kDkr5fJ/t/gender-sex-and-gender
in the sex and gender mind map. this evidence of large variations suggests cultural forces have a strong influence on the expression of gendered behaviour and this is learnt via socialisation processes and SLT. Gendered behaviour isnt an innate biological process.
POSITIVE- studies were reviewed from 11 countries on sex role stereotyping in tv advertisements. the studies represented a diverse range of countries including the UK, Kenya, Mexico. they found consistent patterns accross countries of women being presented as in the home and the user of products while men were presented as professional roles- outdoors and the authority of producs. this suggests the stereotypical display of gender roles is common accross countries and this may be leading to reinforcement of these gender roles via SLT.
NEGATIVE- it has been found that gender stereotyping has been reduced over time in ads. data analysis showed that the reduction of gender stereotyping in adverts is a result of the changes that have been made in society which suggests that the media reflects society rather than moulds it.
general evaluations of SLT
NEGATIVE- cant explain atypical gender development and gender dysphoria. SLT would suggest that people who experience and observe negative social reactions to non typical gender behaviour would conform
NEGATIVE- Mead's study is a minority. most cultures around the world show similar gender roles. competitive and aggressive traits are masc and caring are typically fem. this might be better explained by evolutionary arguments that point out males have had to hunt/compete for mates and females have had to provide care to young
POSITIVE- having an understanding of the impact of SLT on gender has positive practical applications. For example, making female scientists more common on tv and showing men who are more active around the house can help to break down stereotypes.