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Skeletal muscle relaxants - Coggle Diagram
Skeletal muscle relaxants
Nondepolarizing NBDs
Mivacurarium
Metabolized,therefore very short half-life
Rocuronium
Excreted by bile so short half-life and rapid onset
Atracurarium
Hepatic breakdown to laudanosine and other products
At high levels can cause seizures
Cis-atracurarium, an isomer, forms less laudanosine
To a lesser extent
Most likely to cause histamine release
Reversed by ACHE inhibitors
Tubocurarine
Succinylcholine
Hyperkalemia may occur
Increase in intragastric pressure
Peripheral dysfunction and muscular dystrophy
Can interact with inhaled anesthetics to cause malignant hyperthermia
Early sign is trismus
Pancuronium
moderate blocking agent of muscarinic receptors and causes tachycardia
Spasmolytics
Baclofen
Presynaptically reduces calcium influx and decreases release of glutamic acid
postsynaptically facilitates gabab
Tolerance can occur, but less sedation than diazepam
Dantrolene
Cardiac and smooth muscle minimally depressed
Muscle weakness but less sedation than diazepam or baclofen
Diazepam
Toxicity is milder than other sedative hypnotics
Tizanidine
Significant a2 agonist
Reinforces presynaptic inhibition in spinal cord
Cyclobenzaprine
sedative and antimuscarinic actions
Confusion and visual hallucinations